An overview of ANA test
An ANA test is a blood test that detects the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in a person's bloodstream. These antibodies are typically produced by the immune system when it mistakenly targets the body's own tissues, leading to an autoimmune reaction. A positive ANA test result suggests that the immune system is attacking the body's own tissues, but it doesn't necessarily mean that the person has a specific autoimmune disease. The test is commonly ordered when a healthcare professional suspects an autoimmune disorder like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or scleroderma.
What is ANA test used for?
An ANA test is used to detect antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in a person's bloodstream. This test is primarily performed to help diagnose or rule out autoimmune diseases like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or scleroderma. A positive ANA test result indicates that a person's immune system may be attacking their own tissues, although a positive result does not confirm a specific diagnosis. The test may also be used to help identify specific autoimmune diseases by determining the presence of particular antinuclear antibodies.
How to prepare for ANA test?
Before an ANA test, there are some preparations you need to make:
- Medication: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking, as certain drugs can affect the accuracy of the ANA test.
- Fasting: If your blood sample will be used for additional tests, you might need to fast for a specific period before the test. Your healthcare provider will provide you with instructions.
- Eating and drinking: If your blood sample is being used only for an ANA test, you can eat and drink normally before the test.
Follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding preparations for the ANA test, as they will be specific to your individual case.
How is ANA test conducted?
An ANA test is conducted by taking a sample of your blood. A healthcare professional will insert a needle into a vein in your arm to collect the blood sample, which will then be sent to a lab for analysis. You can return to your usual activities immediately after the test.
How are ANA test results reported?
The ANA test results are typically reported as positive or negative for the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA). A positive result means that your immune system has produced antinuclear antibodies, which may indicate an autoimmune reaction. However, a positive result doesn't necessarily mean you have a specific disease. Some people without any disease can also have positive ANA test results, particularly women over 65. If your ANA test is positive, your doctor may order additional tests to determine the specific type of antinuclear antibodies present and help diagnose a particular autoimmune disease, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or scleroderma.
Understanding the report
ANA test results are interpreted by checking the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in your blood. A positive ANA test indicates that your immune system has launched a misdirected attack on your own tissue, suggesting an autoimmune reaction. However, a positive result doesn't necessarily mean you have a disease, as some healthy people may also test positive. If your doctor suspects an autoimmune disease, they will likely order additional tests to help determine the cause of your signs and symptoms.