An overview of Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer
Active surveillance for prostate cancer involves a combination of examinations and tests to monitor the progression of the cancer. These tests include: 1. PSA blood test: Measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in your blood to indicate the presence or growth of cancer. 2. Ultrasound or MRI: Creates images of the prostate gland to assess its size, shape, and any abnormalities. 3. Transrectal ultrasound: Produces images of the prostate gland to identify lumps or abnormalities. 4. Prostate biopsy: Collects samples of cells from the prostate to determine the presence and extent of cancer. These tests are performed periodically to monitor the cancer's progression and determine if treatment is necessary.
What is Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer used for?
Active surveillance for prostate cancer closely monitors the cancer without providing treatment. It is suitable for individuals with small, slow-growing cancers confined to one area of the prostate and not causing any signs or symptoms. It aims to avoid treatment side effects and is considered for those with low Gleason scores or other serious health problems that could be exacerbated by prostate cancer treatment.
How often should Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer be performed?
Active surveillance for prostate cancer should be done periodically to check for signs of cancer growth. The frequency of tests varies depending on factors such as the size and aggressiveness of the cancer, age, overall health, and previous test results. Generally, it is recommended to meet with a healthcare provider every few months during the first year of active surveillance, and less frequently if the cancer is not showing signs of growth. The appropriate schedule will be determined by the healthcare provider.
How is Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer conducted?
During active surveillance for prostate cancer, regular visits with the healthcare team are necessary to monitor the cancer. The tests and procedures conducted during these visits may include: 1. Digital rectal exam (DRE): Examines the prostate gland by inserting a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum. 2. PSA blood test: Measures the amount of PSA in the blood. 3. Ultrasound or MRI: Further evaluates the prostate if other tests raise concerns. 4. Prostate biopsy: Collects samples of cells from the prostate to determine the cancer's growth and Gleason score. It is important to note that no cancer treatment is provided during active surveillance.
Understanding the report
Active surveillance for prostate cancer involves monitoring the cancer for any changes over time. The decision to use active surveillance is based on the initial assessment of the cancer's risk of progressing. Results are interpreted by evaluating changes in the cancer's size, Gleason score, and other indicators of progression. Frequent medical appointments are necessary to track the cancer's progress. If the cancer starts growing faster than expected, spreads outside the confined area within the prostate, or causes signs and symptoms, treatment options may be considered. The interpretation of results depends on various factors, including the initial risk assessment, changes in the cancer's behavior, and the individual's overall health and preferences. Treatment options may include surgery, medications, and radiation.
Limitations and Considerations
Limitations of active surveillance for prostate cancer include: 1. Lack of definitive treatment: No cancer treatment is provided during active surveillance, limiting immediate treatment options if the cancer progresses. 2. Anxiety and uncertainty: Patients may experience anxiety and uncertainty about their cancer status due to frequent medical appointments and monitoring. 3. Potential for cancer growth: There is a possibility that the cancer may grow and spread during monitoring, limiting treatment options if it progresses beyond effective intervention. 4. Limited applicability: Active surveillance may not be suitable for all patients with prostate cancer and is typically recommended for those with specific characteristics. It is important to discuss the potential benefits and limitations with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of action.