An overview of Bone Scan
A bone scan is a medical test that uses nuclear imaging to help diagnose and monitor various types of bone diseases. It involves injecting a small amount of radioactive tracer into a vein in the hand or arm. A special camera detects the radioactivity and generates images of the bones, aiding in the diagnosis of conditions such as fractures, arthritis, Paget's disease of bone, bone cancer, and bone infections.
What is Bone Scan used for?
A bone scan is used to help diagnose and track various types of bone diseases, including unexplained skeletal pain, bone infections, bone injuries, arthritis, Paget's disease of bone, bone cancer, and metastatic bone cancer. It can also detect infections in joints, joint replacements, or bones. The test relies on nuclear imaging and radioactive tracers to highlight differences in bone metabolism, providing valuable information for healthcare providers.
How to prepare for Bone Scan?
Before a bone scan test, you typically don't need to restrict your diet or activities. However, inform your healthcare provider if you've taken a medicine containing bismuth or had an X-ray test using barium contrast material within the past four days, as these substances can interfere with the results. Remove any jewelry and wear loose clothing for the scan. Bone scans are not typically performed on pregnant women or nursing mothers due to concerns about radiation exposure to the baby. Inform your healthcare provider if you're pregnant or nursing.
How is Bone Scan conducted?
A bone scan test is conducted by injecting a small amount of radioactive tracer into a vein in the hand or arm, followed by an imaging scan using a special camera that detects the radioactivity. The scan takes place 2 to 4 hours after the injection, and the person lies still on a table while an armlike device supporting the camera passes over their body. The procedure is painless and can help diagnose and track various types of bone diseases, including bone cancer. The test is generally safe, with low radiation exposure.
How are Bone Scan results reported?
Bone scan results are typically reported by a radiologist. The radiologist looks for evidence of unusual bone metabolism on the scans, which appear as darker "hot spots" and lighter "cold spots" where the tracers have or haven't accumulated. However, the bone scan is less helpful in determining the cause of the differences. If the scan shows hot spots, further tests may be needed to determine the cause. The results can help diagnose a wide range of bone disorders, including fractures, arthritis, Paget's disease, bone cancer, and bone infections.
Understanding the report
A bone scan result is interpreted by a radiologist. They look for evidence of unusual bone metabolism on the scans, which appear as darker "hot spots" and lighter "cold spots" where the tracers have or haven't accumulated. The radiologist then analyzes the images to identify any irregularities or abnormalities in bone metabolism, which may indicate the presence of a bone disorder or disease. Further tests may be needed to determine the specific cause of the changes in bone metabolism.
Limitations and Considerations
Limitations of the bone scan test include:
- Limited detection of bone pain caused by non-bone-related conditions, such as muscle strain or inflammation.
- The test may not always clearly distinguish between benign and malignant bone lesions. Additional imaging or tests, such as a biopsy, may be necessary for a definitive diagnosis.
- Bone scans may not be sensitive enough to detect early-stage bone disease or very small bone abnormalities.
- The test cannot provide information on the specific type or severity of bone disorder, which may require further evaluation.
- Bone scans may not be suitable for people who have had recent barium or bismuth studies, as these substances can interfere with the accuracy of the results.
- The test involves exposure to a small amount of radiation, though it is generally considered safe and has minimal risks. Pregnant women and nursing mothers should inform their healthcare provider before undergoing the test.