An overview of Fecal Occult Blood Test
A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is a lab test used to check stool samples for hidden blood. It is used as a screening tool for colon cancer or polyps in the colon or rectum. The test is performed because occult blood in the stool may indicate colon cancer or polyps, although not all cancers or polyps bleed. Typically, occult blood is passed in such small amounts that it can be detected only through the chemicals used in a fecal occult blood test. If blood is detected through a fecal occult blood test, additional tests may be needed to determine the source of the bleeding.
What is Fecal Occult Blood Test used for?
The purpose of a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is to check stool samples for hidden blood. It helps in screening for colon cancer and can also detect the presence of polyps in the colon or rectum. However, it's important to note that the test may not always be accurate and cannot determine the specific cause of bleeding. If you have symptoms such as blood in your stool or abdominal pain, it's recommended to consult your doctor.
How often should Fecal Occult Blood Test be performed?
The fecal occult blood test is typically repeated yearly, especially if you have an average risk of colon cancer and don't have any symptoms. However, it's important to follow your healthcare provider's recommendations as they may have specific guidelines based on your individual risk factors and medical history.
How to prepare for Fecal Occult Blood Test?
Patient preparations may vary depending on the specific type of fecal occult blood test being conducted. However, in general, your doctor may ask you to avoid certain foods, dietary supplements, and medications for about three days before the test. These may include certain fruits and vegetables, red meat, and pain relievers like aspirin and ibuprofen. Be sure to follow your doctor's instructions carefully to ensure accurate test results.
How is Fecal Occult Blood Test conducted?
A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is conducted by collecting stool samples from multiple bowel movements and applying a smear of stool to a specific area of a test card or using a flushable reagent pad or tissue. The samples are then returned to a doctor or lab for review. The test is typically done yearly and is one option for colon cancer screening. However, it is important to note that the test may not always be accurate and may lead to additional testing if the results are positive.
How are Fecal Occult Blood Test results reported?
Fecal occult blood test results are reported to the patient by their doctor. The doctor will review the results of the test, which can either be negative or positive.
- Negative result: If no blood is detected in the stool samples, the fecal occult blood test is considered negative. If you have an average risk of colon cancer, your doctor may recommend repeating the test yearly.
- Positive result: If blood is detected in the stool samples, the fecal occult blood test is considered positive. In this case, additional testing may be recommended to locate the source of the bleeding, such as a colonoscopy.
It's essential to follow the instructions provided by your doctor and return the stool samples promptly to ensure accurate results.
Understanding the report
When interpreting fecal occult blood test results, there are two possible outcomes: a negative result or a positive result. A negative result means no blood is detected in your stool samples. If you have an average risk of colon cancer, your doctor may recommend repeating the test yearly. A positive result indicates that blood is present in your stool samples. This result may warrant further testing to identify the source of the bleeding. Your doctor may recommend additional tests, such as a colonoscopy. It's important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully before and during the test to ensure accurate results. Consult your healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns about interpreting your test results.
Limitations and Considerations
Limitations of the fecal occult blood test include:
- False-negative results: The test may not detect blood if the cancer or polyps are not actively bleeding or if the amount of blood present is too small.
- False-positive results: The test can also detect blood from other sources, such as stomach ulcers, hemorrhoids, or blood swallowed from the mouth or nose, leading to a positive result even when there is no cancer present.
- Incomplete screening: The fecal occult blood test can only detect the presence of hidden blood, not the cause of the bleeding. If blood is detected, further tests, such as a colonoscopy, may be necessary to identify the source of the bleeding.
- Dietary restrictions: Certain foods, dietary supplements, and medications can interfere with the accuracy of the test, so you may be required to follow specific dietary restrictions before the test.
- Test frequency: The test is typically repeated yearly, which may not be suitable for everyone, depending on their risk factors and preferences.
It is essential to discuss the risks and limitations of the fecal occult blood test with your doctor to determine if it is the right screening option for you.