An overview of Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
A flexible sigmoidoscopy is a medical exam used to evaluate the lower part of the large intestine (colon). It involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a tiny video camera at the tip (sigmoidoscope) into the rectum to view the inside of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and most of the descending colon. It can help identify polyps or abnormal tissue and obtain tissue samples for further examination. However, it does not allow the doctor to see the entire colon or detect cancer or small polyps in the upper part of the colon.
What is Flexible Sigmoidoscopy used for?
A flexible sigmoidoscopy is used to evaluate the lower part of the large intestine (colon). It can help doctors investigate intestinal signs and symptoms, screen for colon cancer, and obtain tissue samples for further examination. However, it does not allow doctors to see the entire colon or detect cancer or small polyps in the upper part of the colon. Other options, such as colonoscopy, provide a more comprehensive view of the entire colon.
How often should Flexible Sigmoidoscopy be performed?
A flexible sigmoidoscopy exam is typically recommended every five years for individuals aged 50 or older with no colon cancer risk factors other than age. However, the screening frequency may vary based on individual circumstances and doctor's recommendations. It's important to discuss specific needs and concerns with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate screening interval.
How to prepare for Flexible Sigmoidoscopy?
Yes, patient preparations are needed for a flexible sigmoidoscopy test. The doctor will provide specific instructions on how to empty the colon before the exam, which may include following a clear liquid diet, taking laxatives, or using enemas. Following these instructions carefully is important to ensure a clear view of the colon and rectum during the exam.
How is Flexible Sigmoidoscopy conducted?
During a flexible sigmoidoscopy exam, a thin, flexible tube (sigmoidoscope) with a tiny video camera at the tip is inserted into the rectum. The doctor can view the inside of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and most of the descending colon. Tissue samples (biopsies) can be taken if necessary. However, the procedure does not allow the doctor to see the entire colon or detect cancer or small polyps in the upper part of the colon. It is typically done to investigate intestinal signs and symptoms or screen for colon cancer in individuals aged 50 or older.
How are Flexible Sigmoidoscopy results reported?
The results of a flexible sigmoidoscopy exam are reported as either positive or negative, depending on whether the doctor finds any abnormalities in the colon. If polyps or abnormal tissue are found, the results are considered positive, and additional testing, such as a colonoscopy, may be recommended. If no abnormalities are found, the results are considered negative. The doctor will review the results and discuss any necessary further action, such as repeat examinations or other screening tests.
Understanding the report
Flexible sigmoidoscopy results are interpreted based on the findings during the exam. A negative result means no abnormalities were found in the colon, while a positive result indicates the presence of polyps or abnormal tissue. If there are concerns about the view or additional testing is needed, a repeat flexible sigmoidoscopy exam or another screening test may be recommended. If abnormalities are found, further evaluation or treatment may be necessary, such as a colonoscopy for a more thorough examination, biopsy, or removal of abnormal tissue. Always consult a doctor for any concerns or persistent symptoms following a flexible sigmoidoscopy exam.
Limitations and Considerations
Limitations of the flexible sigmoidoscopy test include:
- Limited view: It only allows the doctor to view the last 2 feet (about 50 centimeters) of the large intestine, which means it cannot detect cancer or small polyps in the upper part of the colon.
- Incomplete colon preparation: Depending on the colon anatomy and preparation success, the entire colon may not be visible, affecting the accuracy of the exam.
- Less thorough than colonoscopy: Sigmoidoscopy provides less information than a colonoscopy, which examines the entire colon. It may miss potential abnormalities seen during a colonoscopy.
- Less frequent screening: It is generally recommended every five years for colon cancer screening in individuals aged 50 or older with average risk. Colonoscopy is typically recommended more frequently for higher-risk individuals or those with a family history of colon cancer.
Discuss with a doctor the best screening options based on specific needs and risk factors.