An overview of Heart Scan
A heart scan test, also known as a coronary calcium scan or a CT calcium scan, is a specialized imaging test that utilizes computed tomography (CT) technology to assess the presence of calcium deposits in the heart arteries. This test helps in diagnosing early stages of coronary artery disease, which can lead to atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and other cardiovascular issues. The scan uses X-rays to create detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels, allowing healthcare professionals to determine the level of plaque buildup in the arteries. Results from the scan can help assess an individual's risk of heart attacks or strokes and may influence treatment decisions for managing coronary artery disease.
What is Heart Scan used for?
A heart scan, specifically a coronary calcium scan, is used to check for calcium deposits in the heart arteries. It helps diagnose early coronary artery disease, a common heart condition caused by a buildup of plaque composed of calcium, fats, and other substances. The scan uses X-rays to create images that can detect the presence of calcium in the arteries, allowing for an assessment of the risk of heart attacks or strokes. The results of the scan can be used to plan or adjust treatment for coronary artery disease. It is important to discuss the results with a healthcare team and consider them alongside other health information when making decisions about treatment and lifestyle changes.
How to prepare for Heart Scan?
Patient preparations for a coronary calcium scan include:
- Avoiding smoking and caffeine: Refrain from smoking and using caffeine for several hours before the test.
- Wearing loose clothing: Wear loose, comfortable clothing for the test. Avoid wearing jewelry around your neck or near your chest.
- Following any additional instructions: Your healthcare team may give you further instructions on fasting, taking medications, or any other specific preparations based on your individual health needs. Remember to follow your healthcare team's instructions to ensure accurate results and a safe procedure.
How is Heart Scan conducted?
A heart scan test, specifically a coronary calcium scan, is conducted using a computerized tomography (CT) scanner. The procedure involves placing electrodes on the patient's chest to monitor the heartbeat, and then lying down on a movable table that slides into a large machine shaped like a tube. The scan takes about 10 to 15 minutes and is performed while the patient is lying on their back. Medication may be given to slow the heartbeat and improve image quality, and the patient needs to stay still during the procedure.
How are Heart Scan results reported?
The heart scan results are reported as the Agatston score, which is the total area of calcium deposits and the density of the calcium. The score can range from zero to over 300, with a higher score indicating a higher risk of heart disease. The results may also be given as a percentage, representing the amount of calcium in the arteries compared to others of the same age and sex. A score of zero suggests a low chance of developing a heart attack, while a score of 100 to 300 indicates moderate plaque deposits and a relatively high risk of heart disease. A score greater than 300 suggests more extensive disease and a higher risk of heart attack.
Understanding the report
Heart scan results are interpreted by analyzing the Agatston score, which represents the total area of calcium deposits and their density in the arteries. A score of zero indicates no calcium is present, suggesting a low risk of heart attacks in the future. When calcium is present, the higher the score, the higher the risk of heart disease. Scores between 100 and 300 suggest moderate plaque deposits and a relatively high risk of heart attack or other heart disease over the next 3 to 5 years. Scores greater than 300 indicate more extensive disease and a higher risk of heart attacks. These results may also be given as a percentage, representing the amount of calcium in the arteries compared to others of the same age and sex. Calcium scores of around 75% have been linked with a significantly higher risk of heart attacks.
Limitations and Considerations
Limitations of the coronary calcium scan include:
- Radiation exposure: The scan uses X-rays, which can expose individuals to low levels of radiation.
- Not suitable for everyone: The test may not be appropriate for individuals with certain medical conditions or who are pregnant, as it involves exposure to radiation.
- Limited information: The scan only provides information about the presence of calcium in the heart arteries, not about the severity or extent of coronary artery disease.
- Not always accurate: The test may not accurately predict the risk of heart attacks for some individuals, particularly those with a low calcium score but high risk factors.
- Not recommended for those with high risk: If an individual has a high risk of coronary artery disease, doctors may prefer to use other diagnostic tests, such as an angiogram or stress test, to evaluate the condition.
- Not a substitute for other risk factors: The scan results should be considered along with other risk factors, such as cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and family history, when determining overall heart disease risk.
- Cost: Some medical centers may charge for the test, and it may not be covered by insurance. Less expensive blood tests and blood pressure checks can help evaluate heart disease risk. It's essential to discuss the risks and benefits of the test with a healthcare provider to determine if a coronary calcium scan is suitable for an individual's specific situation.