An overview of Molecular Breast Imaging
Molecular breast imaging is a medical test that uses a radioactive tracer and a special camera to produce images of breast tissue. It is used to look for signs of breast cancer. The tracer is injected into a vein in the arm, and the special camera, called a gamma camera, detects the radiation emitted by the tracer. In the pictures produced by the gamma camera, cells that have taken up more tracer appear brighter than surrounding cells. This test is used for breast cancer screening, especially in people with dense breasts, and to investigate lumps or abnormalities found on a mammogram. Molecular breast imaging is considered safe, but it carries some risks, including exposure to a low level of radiation.
What is Molecular Breast Imaging used for?
Molecular breast imaging is used for breast cancer screening, investigating symptoms, and after a breast cancer diagnosis. It helps find more breast cancers than mammograms alone, especially when used in people with dense breasts. Additionally, it can be used to take a closer look at a lump or an area of concern seen on a mammogram, and to monitor the effectiveness of chemotherapy after a cancer diagnosis.
How to prepare for Molecular Breast Imaging?
Patient preparations for a molecular breast imaging test include:
- Schedule the test for the beginning of your menstrual cycle, around 3 to 14 days after the first day of your period.
- Fast for 3 to 4 hours before the test, avoiding solid foods. Clear liquids like water, diet soft drinks, and coffee or tea without milk and sugar are allowed.
- Wear loose, comfortable clothing for the test. You will be asked to undress above the waist and wear a gown.
- Inform your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or nursing. Molecular breast imaging is not recommended during pregnancy or while nursing, and you may be advised to stop nursing for a short period before the test.
- Arrange for transportation to and from the test, as you should not drive immediately after the injection of the radioactive tracer.
How is Molecular Breast Imaging conducted?
During a molecular breast imaging test, a small amount of radioactive tracer is injected into a vein in your arm. The tracer travels through your blood to your breast tissue, where it is taken up by cells that are growing quickly, such as cancer cells. A special camera called a gamma camera detects the radiation released by the tracer, and pictures of the breast tissue are created. The process is repeated for the other breast. The test takes about 40 minutes if both breasts are imaged. After the test, you can return to your usual activities and discuss the results with your healthcare provider.
How are Molecular Breast Imaging results reported?
The molecular breast imaging results are reported by a radiologist. The radiologist examines the images from the molecular breast imaging test and shares the findings with the patient's health care provider. The patient should ask their health care provider when they can expect to receive the results. The results indicate how much of the radioactive tracer is taken up by the breast tissue, and areas that take up more tracer appear as bright spots on the images. If the images show a bright spot, further tests may be recommended, such as additional imaging tests or a procedure to remove a tissue sample for testing.
Understanding the report
Molecular breast imaging results are interpreted by analyzing the pictures made by the gamma camera. Bright spots on the pictures indicate areas that have taken up more of the radioactive tracer, which may be an indication of cancer cells. If the pictures show a bright spot, further tests or procedures may be recommended to examine the area more closely. However, it's important to note that the presence of a bright spot does not necessarily mean that cancer is present. Your healthcare provider will assess the results and determine the appropriate course of action based on your individual situation.
Limitations and Considerations
Limitations of the molecular breast imaging test include potential false-positive results, which can lead to further testing and anxiety for the patient, as well as the limited ability to detect cancer in women with extremely dense breast tissue. Additionally, the test may not be suitable for individuals with certain health conditions or allergies to the tracer. The accuracy of the test can also be influenced by factors such as body weight and the presence of metal implants.