An overview of Pelvic Exam
A pelvic exam is a medical exam that checks the health of the reproductive organs, including the vulva, vagina, cervix, ovaries, uterus, and rectum. It is typically performed as part of a regular checkup, but may also be done if a person has symptoms such as vaginal discharge or pelvic pain. The exam includes an external visual exam to check for any unusual signs and an internal visual exam using a speculum to examine the vagina and cervix. A Pap test, which screens for cervical cancer, is often done during a pelvic exam. A healthcare professional, usually a gynecologist, conducts the exam. A chaperone may be present during the exam, and the person having the exam can also request to have a partner, friend, or relative in the room with them.
What is Pelvic Exam used for?
A pelvic exam is used for checking the health of the reproductive organs, screening for cervical cancer, diagnosing medical conditions, and examining the uterus, ovaries, and other pelvic structures.
How often should Pelvic Exam be performed?
There is a lot of debate among experts about how often to recommend pelvic exams, especially for people who aren't pregnant and don't have symptoms. It is best to consult with your care team to determine what is right for you based on your individual health and medical history.
How to prepare for Pelvic Exam?
Patient preparation for a pelvic exam typically involves scheduling the exam on a day when you are not menstruating, emptying your bladder before the exam, and writing down any questions you may have about the exam or its results. A chaperone may also be present during the exam.
How is Pelvic Exam conducted?
A pelvic exam test is conducted by a healthcare professional, usually a gynecologist. The exam typically includes several steps:
- External visual exam: The healthcare provider will examine the external genitalia, including the vulva, to check for any unusual signs.
- Speculum exam: The healthcare provider will insert a speculum into the vagina to visualize the cervix.
- Pap test: A small wand is used to collect a sample of cells from the cervix for a Pap test, which screens for cervical cancer.
- Physical exam: The healthcare provider will feel the uterus and ovaries by inserting one or two gloved, lubricated fingers into the vagina while pressing gently on the outside of the lower belly with the other hand. They will also check the rectum for any tenderness or unusual growths. Throughout the exam, the healthcare provider will explain the steps and procedures to the patient, ensuring that they feel comfortable and informed. A chaperone, a third person often a nurse or medical assistant, might be present during the exam, or the patient can request a partner, friend, or relative to be present in the room.
How are Pelvic Exam results reported?
During the pelvic exam, your doctor will examine your reproductive organs and check for any unusual changes. They may also perform a Pap test, which screens for cervical cancer. Results of the exam and Pap test will be reported to you after the exam is over. Your doctor will discuss the results with you and any necessary next steps, such as additional tests or treatment. If you have questions about your sexual or reproductive health, you can ask them during your visit.
Limitations and Considerations
Limitations of the pelvic exam test include:
- Incomplete screening: The pelvic exam may not be able to detect all cases of ovarian cancer, especially at an early stage.
- False negatives: A pelvic exam may not always detect problems or abnormalities, particularly in cases of low-grade abnormalities or early-stage cancer.
- False positives: The exam may sometimes identify abnormalities or signs of concern that are not actually indicative of a problem or disease, leading to unnecessary further testing or anxiety.
- Discomfort or discomfort: Some women may experience discomfort or pain during the exam, particularly if they have a condition like endometriosis or if the exam is not performed carefully.
- Emotional distress: The pelvic exam can be an emotional experience for some individuals, particularly if they have experienced trauma or if the exam is performed without proper consent or sensitivity.
It is essential to discuss the risks and benefits of a pelvic exam with your healthcare provider to determine whether it is appropriate for your individual needs and circumstances.