An overview of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) is a minimally invasive procedure used to replace a narrowed or malfunctioning aortic valve in the heart. The procedure involves making a small incision in a blood vessel, usually in the groin or chest area, and inserting a catheter that guides a biological tissue valve to the location of the aortic valve. The new valve is then expanded using a balloon or without a balloon, depending on the type of valve used. The catheter is then removed, leaving the new valve in place. TAVR is performed under sedation, with medications given through an IV to prevent blood clots and infection. The goal of the procedure is to improve blood flow from the heart to the body, reduce symptoms of aortic valve stenosis, and potentially reduce the risk of complications compared to open-heart surgery.
What is Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement used for?
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a minimally invasive procedure used to replace an aortic valve that is narrowed and doesn't open fully due to a condition called aortic valve stenosis. This valve problem blocks or slows blood flow from the heart to the body, causing symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath. TAVR is an alternative to open-heart aortic valve replacement surgery and may be recommended for individuals with severe aortic stenosis, a biological tissue aortic valve that isn't working as well as it should, or other health conditions that make open-heart surgery too risky. TAVR uses small surgical cuts and a catheter to access the heart, making it a less invasive option compared to traditional open-heart surgery.
How to prepare for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement?
Before a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure, patients need to prepare by following these steps:
- Inform your health care team about all medications and supplements you are taking, as well as any drug allergies you have.
- Discuss with your health care team when and if you should take your regular medications before the procedure.
- Be advised not to eat or drink for a specific period of time before the procedure. Consult your health care team for guidance on when to begin fasting.
- Prepare to bring necessary items such as eyeglasses, hearing aids, dentures, personal care items, and loose-fitting, comfortable clothing to the hospital.
- Do not wear contact lenses, dentures, eyeglasses, jewelry, or nail polish during the procedure. It is important to follow your health care team's instructions regarding preparation for the TAVR procedure.
How is Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement conducted?
During a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) test, a doctor replaces a damaged aortic valve with a new biological tissue valve through a catheter inserted into a blood vessel, usually in the groin or chest area. The doctor guides the catheter to the location of the aortic valve using X-ray or other imaging tools as a guide. The doctor then places the new valve in the area of the aortic valve, either with or without the use of a balloon to expand it. The catheter is removed once the new valve is securely in place. The procedure is performed under sedation and careful monitoring of the patient's vital signs.
How are Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement results reported?
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) results are typically reported based on the success of the procedure, the patient's recovery, and the improvement in symptoms related to aortic valve stenosis. The procedure is considered successful if the new aortic valve functions properly and efficiently, and if there are no significant complications during or after the procedure. The patient's recovery is assessed in terms of their ability to resume normal activities, any complications that may arise during the recovery period, and the time it takes for them to be discharged from the hospital. The improvement in symptoms, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue, is also an important factor in evaluating the success of the procedure. The results of TAVR are usually discussed with the patient and their healthcare team, who can provide detailed information about the procedure's outcome, any potential risks or complications, and the need for follow-up care or further treatment.
Understanding the report
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) may reduce symptoms of aortic valve stenosis, such as chest pain and shortness of breath. The results of TAVR may help improve the quality of life for those who experience severe aortic stenosis. After the procedure, it is important to follow a heart-healthy lifestyle, which includes not smoking, eating a healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight. TAVR involves using small surgical cuts and a catheter to reach the heart, with the biologic tissue valve being placed in the aortic valve area through the catheter. The catheter is then removed, and the healthcare team closely monitors the patient throughout the procedure.