An overview of barium enema
A barium enema is an X-ray exam used to detect changes or abnormalities in the large intestine (colon). The procedure involves injecting a liquid containing a metallic substance (barium) into the rectum through a small tube. Barium coats the lining of the colon, creating a relatively clear silhouette of the colon on X-ray images. In some cases, air may be pumped into the colon to improve image quality.
What is barium enema used for?
A barium enema is an X-ray exam used to detect changes or abnormalities in the large intestine (colon). It involves injecting a liquid containing a metallic substance (barium) into the rectum, which coats the lining of the colon and produces a relatively clear silhouette of the colon for X-ray imaging. Air may also be pumped into the colon to improve image quality. The test was previously used to investigate the cause of abdominal symptoms, but it has been mostly replaced by newer imaging tests like CT scans.
How to prepare for barium enema?
Before a barium enema exam, you'll need to prepare by emptying your colon. This may involve following a special diet, fasting after midnight, taking a laxative, or using an over-the-counter enema kit. It's important to follow your doctor's instructions carefully.
How is barium enema conducted?
A barium enema test is conducted by inserting a lubricated enema tube into the rectum, which delivers a barium solution into the colon. The barium coats the lining of the colon, resulting in clearer X-ray images. During the exam, the patient may be asked to change positions on the exam table and hold the enema tube in place. Air may be pumped into the colon for an air-contrast (double-contrast) barium enema. The radiologist will take multiple X-rays of the colon from various angles. Preparation for the test includes following a special diet, fasting after midnight, taking a laxative, and using an enema kit to empty the colon.
How are barium enema results reported?
The results of a barium enema exam are reported by a radiologist, who prepares a report based on the findings of the examination. The results can be either negative or positive. A negative result means that no abnormalities were detected in the colon, while a positive result indicates the presence of abnormalities. Depending on the findings, additional testing, such as a colonoscopy, may be required to examine any abnormalities more thoroughly. Your doctor will discuss the results with you and recommend any necessary follow-up tests or treatments.
Understanding the report
Barium enema results are interpreted by a radiologist who examines the X-ray images produced during the procedure. The radiologist looks for any abnormalities or changes in the large intestine (colon). The results of the exam are reported as negative or positive:
- Negative result: If no abnormalities are detected in the colon, the barium enema exam is considered negative.
- Positive result: If any abnormalities are found in the colon, the barium enema exam is considered positive. Depending on the findings, your doctor may recommend additional testing, such as a colonoscopy, to further examine, biopsy, or remove any detected abnormalities.
It's important to follow your doctor's instructions regarding any necessary follow-up tests or treatments based on the barium enema results. If you experience any issues like difficulties having a bowel movement or passing gas, or if your stool doesn't return to its normal color within a few days, you should contact your doctor for guidance.