Overview
Alcohol intolerance is a condition where the body is unable to efficiently break down alcohol, leading to immediate and uncomfortable reactions after consuming alcohol. It is not an allergy, but it can cause similar symptoms, such as facial redness (flushing), red, itchy skin bumps (hives), worsening of pre-existing asthma, runny or stuffy nose, low blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Alcohol intolerance is primarily caused by genetic factors, especially in individuals of Asian descent, and can also be triggered by other ingredients found in alcoholic beverages, such as sulfites, chemicals, grains, or histamine. To avoid these uncomfortable reactions, the only solution is to avoid alcohol or limit its consumption. If symptoms are severe or cause concern, consult a doctor.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of alcohol intolerance include facial redness (flushing), red, itchy skin bumps (hives), worsening of pre-existing asthma, runny or stuffy nose, low blood pressure, nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea. If you experience these symptoms after consuming alcohol, it is recommended to avoid alcohol or limit alcohol consumption. If symptoms are severe or you experience severe pain, it is best to consult a doctor.
Development
Alcohol intolerance develops when an individual's body cannot efficiently break down alcohol due to a genetic condition. The primary cause of alcohol intolerance is an inherited (genetic) trait, most commonly found in people of Asian descent. In these individuals, the body lacks the necessary enzymes to metabolize alcohol, leading to immediate and uncomfortable reactions after consuming alcohol. In some cases, what appears to be alcohol intolerance might be a reaction to something else in an alcoholic beverage, such as chemicals, grains, or preservatives. Additionally, certain ingredients, like histamine, a byproduct of fermentation or brewing, can cause intolerance reactions in some people. In rare cases, severe pain after drinking alcohol might be a sign of a more serious disorder, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if you suspect alcohol intolerance if you have a serious reaction or severe pain, or if your symptoms seem to be linked to an allergy or a medication you're taking. It's not necessary to have all the symptoms mentioned above before seeking medical help. If you experience severe symptoms such as confusion, vomiting, seizures, slow breathing, irregular breathing, skin that looks blue or gray, low body temperature, or trouble staying conscious, seek medical attention immediately, as this could indicate alcohol poisoning.
Diagnosis
To diagnose alcohol intolerance, your doctor might conduct a physical exam and request some tests. These tests may include a skin test to determine if you have an allergy to a substance in alcoholic beverages, such as the grains in beer, and a blood test to measure your immune system's response to a particular substance. Your doctor might also ask about your medical history, symptoms, and any medications, vitamins, or supplements you're taking. It's important to be honest about your drinking habits, as this information will help your doctor make an accurate diagnosis.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Complications of alcohol intolerance can include severe alcohol poisoning, which can lead to choking, stopping breathing, severe loss of fluids, seizures, hypothermia, and even death in rare instances. Other potential complications may include worsening of pre-existing conditions such as asthma, low blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It is important to consult a doctor if you experience any severe reactions or symptoms associated with alcohol intolerance.
Home Remedies
It is recommended to consult a healthcare professional for advice on managing alcohol intolerance and avoiding alcohol-related reactions.
Treatment
Treatment for alcohol intolerance involves avoiding the consumption of alcohol or the specific beverage or ingredients causing the problem. If you experience mild symptoms, over-the-counter or prescription antihistamines might help reduce symptoms, such as itching or hives. However, if you are experiencing more severe symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention. In such cases, your doctor might recommend therapies to ease the signs and symptoms of liver damage. Quitting drinking is crucial to possibly reverse liver damage or prevent the disease from worsening. Your doctor can recommend a tailored therapy plan, which may include medications, counseling, Alcoholics Anonymous, or other support groups, as well as outpatient or residential treatment programs.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for alcohol intolerance, make a list of your symptoms, including any that seem unrelated to the reason for the appointment. Note when they occur and any triggers you've identified. Include key personal information, such as major stresses or recent life changes. Track your alcohol consumption for a few days to provide this information to your doctor. Bring a list of questions you have for your doctor, such as the most likely cause of your symptoms, necessary tests, and recommended treatments. Consider having a relative or friend accompany you to the appointment for support and to help remember the information provided.