Overview
Understanding the disease
Development
Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is a type of allergic reaction caused by the alpha-gal allergen found in mammalian meat. The development of AGS is typically associated with the consumption of red meat or the bites of lone star ticks infected with a specific bacteria (Borrelia burgdorferi). When a person is bitten by a lone star tick carrying B. burgdorferi, the bacteria can introduce the alpha-gal allergen into the person's system. The immune system may then create antibodies against alpha-gal, leading to the development of an allergic reaction. The allergic reaction may occur within a few hours to a few days after consuming red meat or other animal products containing alpha-gal. The symptoms of alpha-gal syndrome can vary, ranging from mild to severe. They may include itching, hives, swelling, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and, in severe cases, anaphylaxis (a life-threatening allergic reaction). It is important to note that Alpha-gal syndrome is not hereditary or genetic. It develops as a result of exposure to the alpha-gal allergen through tick bites or dietary factors.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Diagnosis
To diagnose alpha-gal syndrome, health care providers will typically ask about your personal history, including tick bites and exposure to ticks, as well as the symptoms you are experiencing. They may also perform a physical exam and run certain medical tests. Blood tests can confirm the presence of alpha-gal antibodies, which is the key test for diagnosis. Skin tests may also be conducted to check for an allergic reaction to red meat and related products. Always check the ingredient labels on store-bought foods to ensure they don't contain red meat or meat-based ingredients.