Overview
Aortic valve regurgitation is a condition where the heart's aortic valve doesn't close tightly, resulting in some blood pumped out of the heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle) leaking backward. This leakage may impede the heart's ability to efficiently pump blood to the rest of the body, causing symptoms such as fatigue and shortness of breath. Aortic valve regurgitation can develop gradually over time or suddenly, typically due to an infection of the valve. Once severe, surgery is often required to repair or replace the aortic valve.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation may include shortness of breath with exercise or when lying down, fatigue and weakness, heart murmur, irregular pulse (arrhythmia), lightheadedness or fainting, chest pain (angina), sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat (palpitations), and swollen ankles and feet. If you experience any of these symptoms, it's essential to contact your doctor right away.
Risk Factors
The risk factors for developing aortic valve regurgitation include: older age, certain heart conditions present at birth (congenital heart disease), history of infections that can affect the heart, certain conditions that can affect the heart (such as Marfan syndrome), other heart valve conditions (such as aortic valve stenosis), and high blood pressure.
Development
Aortic valve regurgitation can develop gradually or suddenly. When it develops gradually, it often occurs without any signs or symptoms for years, and you may be unaware that you have the condition. However, as the condition worsens, signs and symptoms may include fatigue, shortness of breath, and enlargement of the left ventricle of the heart. Aortic valve regurgitation can be caused by a variety of factors, including congenital heart valve disease, narrowing of the aortic valve, and certain heart conditions, such as Marfan syndrome. Other risk factors include older age, high blood pressure, and a history of infections that can affect the heart. If left untreated, aortic valve regurgitation can lead to complications such as heart failure, infections, heart rhythm problems, and even death. It is important to see your doctor regularly if you have a history of heart conditions or a family history of bicuspid aortic valve to monitor for the development of aortic valve regurgitation.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor right away if you suspect aortic valve regurgitation. Signs and symptoms of aortic valve regurgitation include shortness of breath with exercise or when you lie down, fatigue and weakness, heart murmur, irregular pulse (arrhythmia), lightheadedness or fainting, chest pain (angina), sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat (palpitations), swollen ankles and feet. If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your doctor to discuss your concerns and receive proper evaluation and treatment.
Diagnosis
To diagnose aortic valve regurgitation, a doctor will typically perform a physical exam and ask questions about your signs and symptoms and medical history. They may also listen for an abnormal heart sound (murmur) using a stethoscope. Additional tests may include echocardiogram, electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), chest X-ray, exercise tests or stress tests. These tests can help determine the cause and severity of the condition, and help doctors develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Potential complications of aortic valve regurgitation may include:
- Fainting or feeling lightheaded
- Heart failure
- Infections that affect the heart, such as endocarditis
- Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias)
- Death
Home Remedies
It is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of aortic valve regurgitation.
Treatment
Treatment for aortic valve regurgitation depends on the severity of the condition and whether it is progressing quickly or gradually. In many cases, the primary treatment is to manage risk factors and address underlying causes. Medications and lifestyle changes can help control symptoms and prevent further damage. In cases where the condition worsens rapidly, surgery to repair or replace the aortic valve may be necessary. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment recommendations.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for aortic valve regurgitation, it is recommended to:
- Note down any symptoms and how long you've had them.
- Compile a list of your key medical information, including recent health problems and all medications, vitamins, or supplements you're taking.
- Bring a family member or friend along for support and to help remember the information discussed during the appointment.
- Prepare a list of questions to ask your healthcare provider, such as the cause of your symptoms, recommended tests, and treatment options. Remember to write down any signs and symptoms you are experiencing, even if they may seem unrelated to your condition. Additionally, be prepared to discuss your diet and exercise habits with your healthcare provider.