Overview
Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) is a fungal skin infection that typically starts between the toes. It usually occurs in individuals whose feet have become very sweaty while confined within tight-fitting shoes. The infection can spread through contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces such as towels, floors, and shoes. Symptoms include an itchy, scaly rash, cracked skin between the toes, itchiness, inflamed skin, and blisters. Athlete's foot is contagious and can lead to other fungal infections like ringworm and jock itch. The infection can be treated with antifungal medications, but it often returns. To prevent athlete's foot, it is recommended to wear appropriate footwear in pool areas and locker rooms, choose sterilized nail salon tools, and treat the infection promptly if it occurs.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
Symptoms of athlete's foot include an itchy, scaly rash, scaly, peeling, or cracked skin between the toes, itchiness, especially after removing shoes and socks, inflamed skin that may appear reddish, purplish, or grayish, depending on skin color, burning or stinging sensations, blisters, and dry, scaly skin on the bottom of the foot that extends up the side.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
If you suspect athlete's foot and have a rash on your foot that doesn't improve within two weeks of beginning self-treatment with an over-the-counter antifungal product, you should see your doctor. Additionally, if you have diabetes and suspect athlete's foot or if you have signs of an infection such as swelling, pus, or fever, it is important to consult a healthcare professional.
Diagnosis
To diagnose athlete's foot, your doctor may examine the affected area, and in some cases, they might take a skin scraping for testing in a lab. No specific preparation is needed for an appointment to diagnose athlete's foot. If the infection does not respond to nonprescription products, self-care, or if the infection is more severe, your doctor may prescribe prescription-strength creams, ointments, or oral medications.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Potential complications of athlete's foot include recurring infections, spreading of the infection to other parts of the body, and secondary bacterial infections. If left untreated, it can lead to cracked, bleeding skin, blisters, and intense itching. In severe cases, it can cause difficulty walking or standing due to the foot's unusual appearance or limited flexibility. Other complications may include arthritis, poor self-image, and reduced foot mobility.
Home Remedies
Home remedies for athlete's foot include:
- Keeping your feet clean and dry: Wash your feet with warm, soapy water, especially between the toes. Dry your feet thoroughly, and apply a medicated foot powder like Tinactin, Gold Bond, or others.
- Wearing well-ventilated shoes: Choose shoes made of natural materials like leather or canvas, and avoid wearing tight-fitting or synthetic shoes that don't breathe.
- Changing socks regularly: Change your socks at least once a day, more often if your feet get sweaty. Use moisture-wicking socks to help keep your feet dry.
- Alternating shoes: Rotate your shoes so each pair has time to dry completely before being worn again.
- Protecting your feet in public places: Wear waterproof sandals or shoes in public areas such as locker rooms, saunas, swimming pools, and communal baths. Remember, while these home remedies can help prevent athlete's foot and promote healing, they may not always be effective in treating severe cases or infections that have spread. Consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Treatment
There are several treatments for athlete's foot, including antifungal medications. Topical treatments such as creams, lotions, and sprays can be effective in treating the infection. Oral antifungal medications may be prescribed in more severe cases. It is important to follow the instructions provided by a healthcare professional when using any medication. Additionally, practicing good hygiene and preventative measures, such as wearing shoes in public areas, keeping feet dry, and not sharing towels or bedding, can help prevent the spread of athlete's foot.