Breast Cysts

Overview

Breast cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop inside the breast. They are usually noncancerous (benign) and can range in size from a few millimeters to as large as an orange. They can feel like a grape or a water-filled balloon, but sometimes they may feel firm. Breast cysts occur more commonly in women before menopause and those taking hormone therapy. Symptoms include a smooth, easily movable round or oval lump that may have smooth edges. Treatment is typically not required unless the cyst is large, painful, or uncomfortable, in which case draining the fluid may ease symptoms.

Understanding the disease

Symptoms

The symptoms of breast cysts include a smooth, easily movable round or oval lump that may have smooth edges, which typically indicates it's benign. Breast cysts may occur in one or both breasts and may be felt during a breast self-exam. The lump may feel like a grape or a water-filled balloon, but sometimes it can feel firm. While breast cysts do not always require treatment, large or painful cysts may need to be drained to ease symptoms.

Development

Breast cysts develop as a result of fluid accumulation inside the glands in the breasts. They can be classified by size:

1. Microcysts: These small cysts can only be seen during imaging tests, such as mammography or ultrasound, but are too small to feel.
2. Macrocysts: These larger cysts are large enough to be felt and can grow up to about 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 centimeters) in diameter.

Assessment and Diagnosis

Triage

If you suspect a breast cyst, you should see a doctor if you feel a new breast lump that doesn't go away, gets bigger, or persists after one or two menstrual cycles. Additionally, consult your doctor if you notice new skin changes on one or both of your breasts.

Diagnosis

To diagnose breast cysts, a combination of breast exam, imaging tests, and possibly fine-needle aspiration or breast biopsy are typically used. The process typically begins with discussing symptoms and health history with a doctor, followed by a physical breast exam. If the lump is suspected to be a cyst, further tests such as mammography or ultrasound may be performed. If the results are inconclusive or if there are still concerns, fine-needle aspiration or breast biopsy may be recommended. It is important to report any new or persistent breast changes to a doctor.

Management and Treatment

Treatment

Treatment for breast cysts typically depends on the size, number, and symptoms associated with the cysts. Here are some common treatment options for breast cysts:

1. Monitoring: Small breast cysts that do not cause any symptoms, such as pain or discomfort, may not require treatment. Your doctor may recommend monitoring the cyst with regular follow-ups to ensure it does not grow or change.
2. Non-surgical drainage: If a breast cyst is large, painful, or uncomfortable, your doctor may perform a simple procedure to drain the fluid from the cyst. This can be done using a fine needle or a small incision.
3. Medications: In some cases, your doctor may recommend over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications to help manage symptoms associated with breast cysts.
4. Hormone therapy: If breast cysts are caused or exacerbated by hormonal imbalances, your doctor may suggest adjusting hormone therapy or using hormonal contraceptives to help manage cyst growth and frequency.
5. Surgical removal: In rare cases where cysts are large, recurrent, or causing significant discomfort, surgical removal of the cyst may be necessary. This can be done through minimally invasive procedures or traditional surgery. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan tailored to your specific situation.

Preparing for medical consultation

To prepare for an appointment for breast cysts, you should:

1. Make a list of your symptoms: Include even those symptoms that seem unrelated to your breast cysts, and note when they began.
2. Provide key personal information: Share any major stresses, recent life changes, and your medical history, such as a history of breast cancer in your family.
3. List all medications, vitamins, herbal remedies, and supplements you take: Include doses and any changes to your regular routine.
4. Ask about pre-appointment instructions: Contact your healthcare provider to inquire about any necessary preparations before your appointment, such as stopping any medications if a biopsy is needed. Remember to discuss your concerns with your healthcare provider during the appointment, and ask any questions you may have.