Overview
Cervical spondylosis is a condition characterized by age-related wear and tear affecting the spinal disks in the neck. As the disks dehydrate and shrink, bony projections (bone spurs) can develop along the edges of the bones. This condition is common and typically worsens with age, though more than 85% of people over 60 are affected. In most cases, cervical spondylosis causes no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they often include pain and stiffness in the neck. In some cases, it can also lead to a narrowing of the spinal canal, potentially causing compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots, resulting in further pain and potentially serious complications.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of cervical spondylosis may include pain and stiffness in the neck. In some cases, the condition can lead to a narrowing of the spinal canal, which may cause the spinal cord or nerve roots to become pinched. This can result in additional symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or legs. However, it's important to note that most people with cervical spondylosis experience no symptoms at all.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for developing cervical spondylosis include age, occupation, previous neck injuries, and genetic factors. Age is a significant risk factor, as cervical spondylosis commonly occurs as part of the aging process. Jobs that involve repetitive neck motions, awkward positioning, or a lot of overhead work can put extra stress on the neck, increasing the risk. Previous neck injuries also appear to increase the risk, and some individuals in certain families may experience more changes over time due to genetic factors.
Development
Cervical spondylosis develops as a result of age-related wear and tear affecting the spinal disks in the neck. As the disks dehydrate and shrink, signs of osteoarthritis develop, including bony projections along the edges of bones (bone spurs). The condition is common and worsens with age, with more than 85% of people older than 60 being affected. In some cases, nonsurgical treatments can alleviate symptoms when they occur, which may include pain and stiffness in the neck. Cervical spondylosis can also lead to a narrowing of the spinal canal, causing the spinal cord and nerve roots to become pinched, resulting in further complications.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if cervical spondylosis is suspected when symptoms become severe, persistent, or are affecting your daily life. Seek medical attention if you experience:
- Severe, worsening, or chronic neck pain.
- Neck pain accompanied by arm pain, numbness, or weakness.
- Difficulty maintaining balance or walking.
- Bladder or bowel dysfunction.
- Significant difficulty with breathing. If you suspect cervical spondylosis, consult a healthcare professional who can evaluate your symptoms and determine the best course of action.
Diagnosis
To diagnose cervical spondylosis, your health care provider will likely start with a physical exam that includes checking the range of motion in your neck, testing your reflexes and muscle strength, and watching you walk to see if spinal compression is affecting your gait. Imaging tests, such as neck X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can provide detailed information to guide diagnosis and treatment. Neck X-rays can show changes in the spine, while MRI can pinpoint areas where nerves might be pinched.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Potential complications of cervical spondylosis include herniated disks, bone spurs, and stiff ligaments. If cervical spondylosis severely compresses the spinal cord or nerve roots, the damage can be permanent.
Home Remedies
Home remedies for cervical spondylosis may include:
- Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation.
- Heat and Cold Therapy: Alternating between applying heat and cold packs to the affected area can help reduce pain and inflammation. Use a warm compress for 15-20 minutes, followed by a cold pack for 15-20 minutes, and repeat as needed.
- Gentle Stretching: Perform gentle stretching exercises to maintain mobility and flexibility in the neck. Avoid sudden or jerky movements, and consult with a healthcare professional before starting any exercise routine.
- Posture Correction: Maintain good posture to reduce stress on the neck. Use cushions or pillows to support the neck and shoulders while sitting or lying down.
- Massage Therapy: Gentle massage can help relax muscles and relieve tension in the neck. Be cautious with deep tissue massage, and consult a professional if you have concerns.
- Neck Support: Use a soft or firm neck collar to provide support and relieve pain, but only for short periods (15-30 minutes at a time). Avoid relying on the collar for an extended period, as it may weaken the neck muscles.
- Acupuncture: Some people find relief from cervical spondylosis through acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine practice involving the insertion of fine needles into specific points on the body.
- Herbal Remedies: Some people use herbal remedies like turmeric, ginger, and boswellia to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain. Consult with a healthcare professional before using any herbal supplements. Remember that home remedies may vary in effectiveness, and it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment recommendations.
Treatment
Cervical spondylosis can be treated using a combination of medications, therapy, and self-care methods. Treatment options may vary depending on the severity of the condition. Medications include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or naproxen sodium, prescription-strength NSAIDs, corticosteroids, anti-seizure medications, and antidepressants. Therapy involves working with a physical therapist to perform exercises that stretch and strengthen neck and shoulder muscles. Traction may also be helpful in providing more space within the spine. Self-care measures for mild cases of cervical spondylosis include applying heat or cold to the affected area, practicing good posture, and using over-the-counter pain relievers. If conservative treatments don't provide relief or neurological symptoms worsen, surgery may be necessary to create more space for the spinal cord and nerve roots. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on individual circumstances and severity of the condition.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for cervical spondylosis, you should make a list of your symptoms, including their duration and any related issues. Gather information on any pre-appointment restrictions, and write down key personal information, such as recent life changes or family medical history. Also, list all medications, vitamins, and supplements you're taking, and don't forget to bring a family member or friend for support. When attending the appointment, be prepared to answer questions about your symptoms, physical activities, and any previous injuries. Some basic questions to ask your healthcare provider include the likely cause of your symptoms, necessary tests, best course of action, and how to manage your condition with any other health conditions you may have.