Chilblains

Overview

Understanding the disease

Symptoms

Symptoms of chilblains include small, itchy areas on your skin, often on your feet or hands, sores or blistering, swelling, pain or stinging, and changes in skin color.

Assessment and Diagnosis

Triage

You should see a doctor if chilblains are suspected if:

1. Symptoms are long lasting or keep flaring up.
2. There is a possibility of an infection.
3. Symptoms are not improving after two weeks of home care.
4. Symptoms persist into the warm season.
5. It's unclear whether you were exposed to below-freezing temperatures, and there is a concern for frostbite.

Diagnosis

To diagnose chilblains, a healthcare provider will typically examine the affected skin and ask about recent cold exposure. Blood tests or a skin biopsy might be necessary to rule out other conditions. It is important to inform the healthcare provider if you were exposed to below-freezing temperatures, as frostbite may be a concern.

Management and Treatment

Complications

The potential complications of chilblains may include scarring and thin skin due to long-lasting symptoms, as well as other less common complications such as hepatitis, jaundice, anemia, thrombocytopenia, heart problems, complications involving the nervous system, and swollen tonsils. It is important to seek medical care if chilblains symptoms persist, worsen, or appear in warm weather, as well as if there are signs of infection or other concerning symptoms.

Prevention

Chilblains can be prevented by taking certain measures. To prevent chilblains, you should:

1. Limit your exposure to the cold.
2. When coming in from the cold, rewarm your skin gradually.
3. Dress in layers of loose clothing and wear mittens, a scarf, a hat, and warm, water-resistant footwear.
4. Cover all exposed skin as completely as possible when going outside in cold weather.
5. Keep your hands, feet, and face dry and warm.
6. Keep your home and workplace comfortably warm.
7. Avoid smoking. By following these preventive measures, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing chilblains.

Home Remedies

Home remedies that may help alleviate chilblains symptoms include:

1. Warmth: Apply heat to the affected areas by soaking the affected feet or hands in warm water for 15-20 minutes, several times a day. You can also use a warm compress or heat pack to alleviate pain and discomfort.
2. Moisturizing: Apply a moisturizing cream or lotion to the affected areas to help prevent dryness and cracking. Choose a cream or lotion that contains ingredients such as petrolatum, dimethicone, or glycerin.
3. Over-the-counter pain relief: Use over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, to help alleviate pain and inflammation. Follow the instructions on the packaging and be aware of the appropriate dosage for your age and health condition.
4. Loosen tight clothing: Wear loose, warm clothing and avoid tight-fitting footwear to prevent further irritation.
5. Keep the skin dry: Dry the affected areas thoroughly and keep them covered to prevent further moisture exposure. It's essential to note that while these home remedies may help alleviate symptoms, more severe cases of chilblains may require medical attention. Consult a healthcare professional if your symptoms persist or worsen, or if you suspect an infection.

Treatment

Prevention is the key to avoiding chilblains. To prevent chilblains, you should limit your exposure to the cold, dress warmly, cover your skin, and rewarm your skin gradually. If you do get chilblains, keeping your skin warm and dry can help ease the symptoms. In cases where symptoms persist or worsen, it is suggested to seek medical care.

Preparing for medical consultation

To prepare for an appointment for chilblains, you should:

1. Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions and ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restricting your diet.
2. Write down any symptoms you're experiencing, including any that may seem unrelated to chilblains.
3. List key personal information, such as any major stresses or recent life changes.
4. Make a list of all medications, vitamins, or supplements you're taking, including doses.
5. Bring previous scans or X-rays (both images and reports) and any other medical records relevant to your situation.
6. Write down questions to ask your healthcare provider, such as basic questions about chilblains, their causes, and appropriate treatments. Remember to also avoid scratching the affected skin, keep blisters and sores clean and covered, and consider quitting smoking to improve wound healing.