Overview
A deviated septum is a condition where the thin wall (nasal septum) between the nasal passages is displaced to one side, making one nasal passage smaller. This can lead to difficulty breathing, nasal blockage, or congestion. The exposure of a deviated septum to the drying effect of airflow through the nose may sometimes contribute to crusting or bleeding in certain people. A deviated septum can be present at birth or result from an injury to the nose, such as during childbirth or contact sports. Surgery is typically required to correct a deviated septum.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of a deviated septum include a feeling of pressure or congestion in the nasal passages, disturbed sleep due to difficulty breathing comfortably through the nose at night, and a feeling of obstruction or blockage in the nose. These symptoms may be more pronounced in some individuals than others, and some people may not experience any symptoms at all. Other possible symptoms include nosebleeds, sinus infections, and difficulty breathing through the nose. Treatment for a deviated septum may include medications to reduce swelling, but in severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the issue.
Risk Factors
The risk factors for developing a deviated septum include:
- Being born with a deviated septum: Some people have a deviated septum present at birth due to fetal development or an injury during childbirth.
- Injury: A deviated septum can also be caused by an injury that moves the nasal septum out of place, such as playing contact sports, not wearing a seat belt while riding in a motorized vehicle, or experiencing a blow to the face.
Development
The various deviated septums can develop due to different factors. Deviated septum can be present at birth (congenital), which occurs during fetal development or due to injury during childbirth. In some cases, it can be due to an injury that causes the nasal septum to be moved out of position. After birth, the most common cause of a deviated septum is an injury that moves the nasal septum out of place. Risk factors for developing a deviated septum include playing contact sports, not wearing a seatbelt while riding in a motorized vehicle, and engaging in other activities that may lead to a nose injury. The aging process may also affect nasal structures, worsening a deviated septum over time.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms related to a deviated septum:
- A blocked nostril (or nostrils) that doesn't respond to treatment
- Frequent nosebleeds
- Recurring sinus infections These symptoms may indicate that the deviated septum is causing significant nasal blockage or other complications. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance on the best course of treatment.
Diagnosis
To diagnose a deviated septum, a doctor will typically examine the inside of your nose using a bright light and sometimes an instrument to spread open your nostrils. They may also use a long tube-shaped scope with a bright light at the tip to check farther back in your nose. In some cases, the doctor may administer a decongestant spray to examine the nasal tissues before and after its application. Based on this examination, the doctor can diagnose a deviated septum and assess its severity. If necessary, the doctor may refer you to an ear, nose, and throat specialist for further consultation and treatment.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Potential complications of a deviated septum include:
- Nasal blockage or congestion: A deviated septum can obstruct one or both nasal passages, leading to difficulty breathing and increased risk of sinus infections.
- Sleep disturbances: Chronic mouth breathing due to nasal blockage can cause disturbed sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness.
- Dry mouth: Mouth breathing can lead to dry mouth, which can increase the risk of dental problems and other complications.
- Infections: Frequent sinus infections or inflammation of the nasal passages can occur due to a deviated septum, leading to further complications.
- Social and emotional impact: The appearance and functional aspects of a deviated septum might cause social embarrassment or emotional distress for some individuals. It's important to note that not everyone with a deviated septum will experience complications, and the severity of symptoms can vary significantly between individuals.
Treatment
Treatment for a deviated septum typically includes medications and, in some cases, surgery. Medications: Medications like decongestants, antihistamines, and nasal corticosteroids can help reduce swelling and inflammation in the nasal passages, providing relief from symptoms such as nasal congestion and difficulty breathing. Surgery: To correct a deviated septum, surgery is often required. The surgical procedure, called septoplasty or nasal septum surgery, involves straightening the nasal septum and removing any excess tissue or bone. This procedure can improve breathing and reduce or eliminate nasal congestion. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and guidance on the best treatment approach for your specific case.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for a deviated septum, you should:
- Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions: At the time you make the appointment, inquire if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as avoiding certain medications or nasal sprays.
- Write down any symptoms you're experiencing, including any that may seem unrelated to the deviated septum. This will help you keep track of when they started and how they've changed.
- Write down key personal information, including any recent nasal or sinus problems, allergies, or previous surgeries.
- Make a list of all medications, vitamins, or supplements that you're taking.
- Consider taking a family member or friend along. They can help you remember important information, ask questions, and provide emotional support.
- Bring any previous medical records, imaging tests, or reports related to your deviated septum. Remember to prioritize your concerns and questions for the healthcare provider, and don't hesitate to ask for clarification if needed. The appointment is an opportunity to discuss your symptoms, determine the best course of action, and receive appropriate treatment for your deviated septum.