Overview
A double uterus, also known as uterus didelphys, is a rare condition where a female fetus develops two separate uterine organs instead of one, instead of one larger, hollow organ. The tubes that form the uterus typically join together during fetal development, but in the case of a double uterus, the tubes don't join completely, resulting in each uterus developing as a separate organ. This condition often has one opening into one vagina or may have two separate openings. Women with a double uterus can have successful pregnancies, but they may be more prone to miscarriage or premature birth. The exact cause of a double uterus is not known, and it may have a genetic component since it can run in families.
Understanding the disease
Development
In a female fetus, the uterus starts out as two small tubes. As the fetus grows, the tubes typically join to create one larger, hollow organ. In some cases, the tubes don't join completely, and each tube develops into a separate organ, resulting in a double uterus. The condition is rare and often causes no symptoms unless there are other uterine factors that can lead to complications such as infertility, miscarriage, or premature birth. A double uterus may have one opening into one vagina, or each uterus may have its own cervix and vaginal opening. The exact cause of a double uterus is unknown, but it may have a genetic component since it can run in families.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
Seek medical advice if you have a menstrual flow despite using a tampon or if you have severe pain during your periods or you have repeated miscarriages.
Diagnosis
To diagnose a double uterus, your doctor may use several tests, including:
- Ultrasound: This test uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of your body. You may need both transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound to get the best view.
- Sonohysterogram: This special type of ultrasound involves injecting fluid into your uterus to help visualize its shape.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This painless test uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create cross-sectional images of the inside of your body.
- Hysterosalpingography: This procedure involves injecting a special dye into your uterus through your cervix, while X-rays are taken to visualize the shape and size of your uterus and the fallopian tubes. These tests can help confirm the diagnosis of a double uterus.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Potential complications of a double uterus include infertility, miscarriage, and premature birth. Women with a double uterus may also be more susceptible to kidney problems. The condition is usually discovered during a regular pelvic exam or imaging tests to investigate the cause of repeated miscarriages. Seek medical advice if you experience severe pain during periods or have repeated miscarriages.
Treatment
Treatment for a double uterus typically isn't needed if there are no symptoms or other problems. Surgery to join a double uterus is not usually performed. However, surgery may be considered in certain situations, such as if the uterus is partially divided and there has been a pregnancy loss with no other medical explanation, or if a double vagina is present. The surgery can help improve the chances of maintaining a future pregnancy and make childbirth easier. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional, like a gynecologist or reproductive endocrinologist, for proper diagnosis and guidance on treatment options.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for a double uterus, you should:
- Make a list of your symptoms, including any that seem unrelated to the reason for your appointment.
- Gather key personal information, such as major stresses, recent life changes, and family medical history.
- List all medicines, vitamins, or other supplements you take, including the doses.
- Prepare a list of questions to ask your doctor, such as:
- What's likely causing my symptoms?
- Could there be other possible causes for my symptoms?
- Do I need any tests done?
- Do I need treatment?
- Are there any alternatives to the treatment you're suggesting?
- Are there any restrictions I need to follow?
- Should I see a specialist?
- Consider bringing a family member or friend along for support and to help remember the details discussed during the appointment. Remember to inform your doctor about your diagnosis of a double uterus and any previous tests or treatments related to it. They will provide guidance based on your specific situation.