Overview
Dressler syndrome is an inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart (pericarditis). It occurs when the immune system responds to damage to heart tissue or the sac around the heart. The damage can result from a heart attack, surgery, or traumatic injury. Symptoms include chest pain, fever, and may appear weeks to months after a heart attack, surgery, or injury to the chest. It is important to seek emergency care for sudden or persistent chest pain as it may signal a heart attack or other serious disorder.
Understanding the disease
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should seek emergency care for sudden or persistent chest pain, which may signal a heart attack or other serious disorder. This is a symptom of Dressler syndrome. Additionally, if you have persistent problems with stiffness or weakness in your legs or arms, or with swallowing or speaking, you should make an appointment to see your doctor. If a child develops involuntary muscle spasms or seems to be losing balance more often than usual, they should be evaluated by a pediatrician.
Diagnosis
A healthcare provider diagnoses Dressler syndrome by conducting a thorough physical examination, which may include listening to the heart with a stethoscope. The provider may also order tests such as a complete blood count, blood tests to measure inflammation (C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate), and an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). An increased white blood cell count and elevated inflammation markers can indicate Dressler syndrome. However, other tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis, and the results should be evaluated in conjunction with other symptoms and clinical findings.
Management and Treatment
Treatment
Treatment for Dressler syndrome primarily involves managing pain and reducing inflammation through medications. The main treatments include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Medications like aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), and colchicine (Colcrys, Gloperba, Mitgare) are typically used to reduce inflammation associated with Dressler syndrome.
- Corticosteroids: If other treatments don't work, corticosteroids might be considered. These powerful immune system suppressants can help reduce inflammation but may have serious side effects and might interfere with the healing of damaged heart tissue after a heart attack or surgery.
- Surgical interventions: In cases where complications arise, more-invasive treatments may be necessary. These can include draining excess fluids, performing pericardiocentesis, and using imaging tests like chest X-ray, echocardiogram, or cardiac MRI to assess the condition. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan tailored to your specific needs. for the other question provided.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for Dressler's syndrome, you should:
- Note any signs and symptoms your child has experienced, along with their duration.
- Gather your child's key medical information, including recent illnesses, medical conditions, and medications, vitamins, or supplements they are taking.
- Bring baby books and development records, as well as photographs and video recordings, if available.
- Write down questions to ask the health care provider, such as:
- What is likely causing my child's signs and symptoms?
- Are there any other possible causes?
- What kinds of tests does my child need?
- Are there treatments available for this condition?
- What are the potential complications of this condition?
- Are there clinical trials available for my child?
- Does my child need to see a specialist?
- Are there any support groups or resources for families with a child diagnosed with Dressler's syndrome? Remember to also inquire about any pre-appointment restrictions, such as filling out forms or dietary restrictions before specific tests. Bringing a family member or friend to the appointment can be helpful for support and to ensure you remember all the information shared during the appointment.