Overview
Ewing sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that primarily affects bones or the soft tissue surrounding the bones. It begins in cells that are responsible for the growth and development of bones. Ewing sarcoma is more common in children and teenagers but can occur at any age. The DNA of affected cells undergoes changes, leading to the rapid multiplication of abnormal cells that can invade and destroy healthy tissue. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, or tenderness near the affected area, bone pain, unexplained tiredness, fever without a known cause, and weight loss. If you or your child experiences persistent signs and symptoms that are concerning, it is advisable to consult a doctor.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of Ewing sarcoma include pain, swelling, or tenderness near the affected area, bone pain, unexplained tiredness, fever with no known cause, and losing weight without trying. If you or your child experiences any persistent symptoms that worry you, make an appointment with your doctor.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for developing Ewing sarcoma include age, ancestry, inherited syndromes, radiation therapy for cancer, chronic swelling (lymphedema), and exposure to certain chemicals or viruses.
Development
Ewing sarcoma develops when cells in the bones or soft tissue around the bones undergo genetic changes, leading to the production of abnormal cells. These abnormal cells can multiply and grow uncontrollably, resulting in the formation of a mass or tumor. In Ewing sarcoma, the DNA changes most often affect the EWSR1 gene. The exact cause of these genetic mutations is not known, but they are believed to arise spontaneously.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if you or your child experiences persistent signs and symptoms that worry you. These symptoms may include pain, swelling, or tenderness near the affected area, bone pain, unexplained tiredness, fever with no known cause, and losing weight without trying. If your doctor suspects that you have Ewing sarcoma, your cancer cells may be tested to look for changes in the EWSR1 gene.
Diagnosis
To diagnose Ewing sarcoma, a physical exam is typically performed first, followed by additional tests and procedures based on the findings. Imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, PET scans, and bone scans, help investigate bone symptoms, detect cancer, and determine if the cancer has spread. A biopsy procedure, in which a sample of suspicious cells is collected and tested, is often used to confirm the diagnosis. This can involve a needle biopsy, in which a thin needle is used to remove small pieces of tissue from the tumor. Ewing sarcoma should be diagnosed and treated by a team of specialists, including orthopedic oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, and rehabilitation specialists. Testing the cancer cells for gene mutations, such as changes in the EWSR1 gene, can provide important information about the disease and guide treatment decisions.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Potential complications of Ewing sarcoma include:
- Cancer that spreads (metastasizes): Ewing sarcoma can spread from where it started to other areas, making treatment and recovery more difficult. It most often spreads to the lungs and other bones.
- Long-term treatment side effects: The aggressive treatments needed to control Ewing sarcoma can cause substantial side effects, both in the short and long term. These may include fatigue, infertility, heart complications, and secondary cancers, among others.
- Late effects of intense chemotherapy and radiation: Lifelong monitoring is recommended to watch for potential late effects, which may include secondary cancers, bone damage, cognitive issues, and other long-term complications. It's essential to discuss the potential complications and side effects with your healthcare team to develop an appropriate treatment plan and to monitor for any long-term effects after completing treatment.
Home Remedies
It is important to note that Ewing sarcoma is a serious medical condition, and home remedies are not recommended as a substitute for professional medical care. Treatment for Ewing sarcoma typically involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, and should be directed by a qualified healthcare provider.
Treatment
Treatments for Ewing sarcoma typically involve a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, with the specific treatment plan depending on the location and stage of the cancer. Major advancements in the treatment of Ewing sarcoma have helped to improve the outlook for people with this cancer. After completion of treatment, lifelong monitoring is recommended to watch for potential late effects of intense chemotherapy and radiation.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for Ewing sarcoma, which is a type of cancer that affects the bones or the soft tissue surrounding them, you can follow similar steps as mentioned for the angiosarcoma appointment preparation. Here's what you can do:
- Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions: At the time you make the appointment, inquire if there are any specific requirements or restrictions you need to follow before the appointment, such as fasting for blood tests or avoiding certain medications.
- Gather information about your symptoms: Write down any symptoms you're experiencing, including any that may seem unrelated to Ewing sarcoma. Be prepared to share this information with your healthcare provider.
- Prepare a list of personal information: Make a list of any major stresses or recent life changes that could be relevant to your health.
- Create a list of your medications: Make a list of all medications, vitamins, or supplements you are currently taking. This includes prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, and any herbal or dietary supplements.
- Bring medical records: Bring any previous scans, X-rays, biopsy reports, or other relevant medical records to the appointment.
- Consider bringing a support person: You may want to bring a family member or friend to the appointment to help you remember information discussed and provide emotional support.
- Prepare a list of questions: Write down a list of questions you have for your healthcare provider regarding your Ewing sarcoma diagnosis, treatment options, and any other concerns you may have.
- Be prepared for a multidisciplinary team: Ewing sarcoma treatment may involve a team of specialists, including orthopedic oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, and rehabilitation specialists. Be prepared to meet with several specialists during your appointment. By being well-prepared for your appointment, you can ensure that you have a productive and informative conversation with your healthcare provider.