Overview
A fibroadenoma is a solid breast lump that is not cancerous. It typically occurs between ages 15 and 35 and is firm or rubbery with a round shape. It can feel like a pea or a coin within the breast tissue and moves easily when touched. Fibroadenomas are common and may or may not require further treatment, depending on their size and characteristics.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of a fibroadenoma are:
- A solid breast lump that is round with distinct, smooth borders and can easily move within the breast tissue.
- The lump may feel firm or rubbery.
- The lump is typically not painful, but it may be tender or cause soreness a few days before the period.
- It can vary in size, with an average size of about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters).
- Fibroadenomas can occur in one or both breasts and can grow or shrink over time. If you find a new breast lump or notice any changes in your breasts, you should make an appointment with your healthcare provider.
Development
Fibroadenomas are benign breast lumps that develop from the fibrous and glandular tissues in the breast. They are not cancerous, and their exact cause is not known. However, it is believed that they may be related to hormonal changes, particularly those associated with menstrual cycles. Fibroadenomas are more common in women between the ages of 15 and 35, which suggests a possible link to hormonal factors. There are two main types of fibroadenomas: complex fibroadenomas and giant fibroadenomas. Complex fibroadenomas can grow over time and may press on or displace nearby breast tissue. Giant fibroadenomas, as the name suggests, are larger than 2 inches and can also press on nearby breast tissue or push it out of place. It is important to note that having fibroadenomas does not increase the risk of breast cancer. However, if you experience any new breast lumps or notice other changes in your breasts, you should consult your healthcare provider for evaluation.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if you find a new breast lump or notice other changes in your breasts. If a breast lump you had checked in the past has grown or changed in any way, you should also make an appointment with your healthcare provider.
Diagnosis
To diagnose a fibroadenoma, your doctor may begin by performing a clinical breast exam where they feel your breasts and the lymph nodes in your lower neck and underarm area. If a breast lump is found, you may need additional tests, such as a breast ultrasound. Breast ultrasound is the preferred imaging test for fibroadenomas, as it uses sound waves to create images of the inside of the breast, clearly showing the size and shape of the fibroadenoma. If there is any concern about the type or nature of the breast lump, a biopsy may be performed to check a sample of the tissue.
Management and Treatment
Treatment
There are two primary procedures to remove a fibroadenoma: surgical excision and cryoablation (freezing). Surgical excision involves a surgeon using a knife to remove the entire fibroadenoma, while cryoablation involves inserting a frozen device into the fibroadenoma to destroy it. After treatment, it's essential to monitor for any new breast lumps and inform your healthcare provider if any changes are observed. Hormonal therapy and birth control pills may also help reduce the size of fibroadenomas in some cases.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for a fibroadenoma, it is recommended that you:
- Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions and ask about them when you make the appointment.
- Write down any symptoms you're experiencing, including those that may not seem related to the fibroadenoma.
- Note key personal information, such as your medical history and family history of breast cancer.
- Make a list of all medications, vitamins, or supplements you are taking, including doses.
- Prepare a list of questions to ask your healthcare provider, such as:
- What might this lump be?
- What tests do I need? Do I need to do anything special to prepare for them?
- Will I need treatment?
- Do you have brochures or other written materials about this topic? What websites do you suggest I use for more information?
- Consider bringing a family member or friend along for support and to help remember information discussed during the appointment.
- Bring any previous scans, X-rays, or medical records related to the fibroadenoma to the appointment. By being well-prepared, you can make the most of your time with your healthcare provider and ensure that all your concerns are addressed.