Overview
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a disease that affects the kidneys. In FSGS, scar tissue develops on the glomeruli, the small parts of the kidneys responsible for filtering waste from the blood. FSGS can be caused by a variety of conditions, including infections, drug toxicity, diabetes, sickle cell disease, obesity, and other kidney diseases. The disease can lead to kidney failure, which can be life-threatening if left untreated. Treatment options depend on the type of FSGS, and controlling or treating the underlying cause may help slow ongoing kidney damage and improve kidney function over time. There are different types of FSGS, such as primary (idiopathic), secondary, genetic, and unknown causes.
Understanding the disease
Development
The various types of FSGS (Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis) can develop due to different factors. Primary FSGS is often idiopathic, meaning there is no known cause. Secondary FSGS can be caused by several factors, including infection, drug toxicity, diabetes, sickle cell disease, obesity, and other kidney diseases. In some cases, the underlying cause of FSGS cannot be determined despite clinical symptom evaluations and extensive testing, known as unknown FSGS. Genetic FSGS, also called familial FSGS, is a rare form of the disease caused by inherited abnormal genes.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Treatment
Treatment options for FSGS depend on the type and underlying cause of the condition. If the FSGS is caused by an underlying condition, treating that condition can help slow down or prevent further kidney damage. Some of the treatment options for FSGS include:
- Medications: Depending on the underlying cause, your doctor may prescribe medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), or diuretics to help control blood pressure and reduce proteinuria.
- Corticosteroids: In some cases, corticosteroids may be used to help slow kidney damage.
- Immunosuppressive drugs: For FSGS caused by an autoimmune disorder or genetic predisposition, immunosuppressive drugs may be prescribed to help suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.
- Kidney transplant: In advanced cases of FSGS, a kidney transplant may be considered as a last resort to replace the damaged kidneys with healthy ones. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.