Overview
Functional dyspepsia is a term for recurring symptoms of an upset stomach that have no obvious cause. It is a common condition where symptoms resemble those of an ulcer and may include pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, bloating, belching, and nausea. Functional dyspepsia is considered a functional disorder, meaning it cannot be explained by a medical condition, and routine testing may not show any problems or causes. The diagnosis is based on symptoms.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
Symptoms of functional dyspepsia may include pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, bloating, belching, and nausea after eating, an early feeling of fullness when eating, and stomach pain that occurs unrelated to meals or goes away when eating.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for developing functional dyspepsia include being female, using certain pain relievers like aspirin and ibuprofen, smoking, anxiety or depression, and a history of childhood physical or sexual abuse.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if you experience persistent symptoms of functional dyspepsia that worry you or interfere with your ability to function. Symptoms like pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, bloating, belching, and nausea may occur without an obvious cause. If you notice blood in your vomit, tarry stools, shortness of breath, or pain in your jaw, neck, or arm, seek medical attention right away. Consulting a healthcare provider can help determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment.
Diagnosis
To diagnose functional dyspepsia, your health care provider will likely review your symptoms and perform a physical exam. Various tests can help find the cause of your discomfort and rule out other disorders. These may include blood tests, tests for a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori, and endoscopy. In some cases, you may have other tests to see how well your stomach empties its contents.
Management and Treatment
Prevention
regarding prevention of functional dyspepsia.
Home Remedies
For functional dyspepsia, home remedies may include:
- Dietary changes: Adopting a nutritious, balanced diet with smaller meals, avoiding spicy, fatty, or acidic foods, and limiting caffeine and alcohol intake can help alleviate symptoms.
- Stress management: Engaging in relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga can help reduce stress and improve digestion.
- Exercise: Regular physical activity can improve digestion and overall well-being. However, avoid intense workouts during an episode of functional dyspepsia.
- Over-the-counter antacids: Using antacids can help relieve heartburn and other symptoms. However, consult a healthcare provider before taking any medication.
- Proper hydration: Drinking plenty of water and avoiding dehydration can help alleviate constipation and maintain digestive health. Remember that home remedies may not provide long-term relief for functional dyspepsia, and it's essential to consult a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan.
Treatment
Treatments for functional dyspepsia are focused on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Since functional dyspepsia is a functional disorder, it can't be cured, but the following treatments may help:
- Lifestyle changes: Adopting certain lifestyle habits can help alleviate symptoms. These may include eating smaller, more frequent meals, avoiding spicy or fatty foods, losing weight if necessary, quitting smoking, and reducing stress through relaxation techniques or counseling.
- Medications: Certain medications may help relieve symptoms of functional dyspepsia. Antacids can neutralize stomach acid, while alginate-based medications can form a protective barrier over the stomach. Proton pump inhibitors may be prescribed to reduce acid production in the stomach.
- Antidepressants and antianxiety medications: These medications may be used to help manage anxiety or depression, which can contribute to functional dyspepsia.
- Psychological therapies: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other psychological interventions can help address anxiety, depression, or other mental health issues that may be exacerbating symptoms. It's important to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the appropriate treatment plan based on your individual symptoms and conditions.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for functional dyspepsia, make a list of your symptoms, including any that seem unrelated to the reason for your appointment. Also, include key personal information such as major stresses, recent life changes, and family medical history. Make a list of all medications, vitamins, or supplements you take, including doses. Prepare a list of questions to ask your healthcare provider, such as "What's likely causing my symptoms?", "What tests do I need?", "Is my condition likely temporary or chronic?", "What's the best course of action?", "What are the alternatives to the primary approach you're suggesting?", and "How can I best manage any other health conditions I have together with functional dyspepsia?" It may be helpful to bring a family member or friend with you to the appointment to help with communication and to remember the information provided.