Overview
Growth plate fractures are injuries that occur in the layer of growing tissue near the ends of a child's bones. Growth plates are the weakest sections of the skeleton, and as a result, they are more prone to fractures than the surrounding ligaments and tendons. These fractures often require immediate treatment because they can affect the proper growth of the affected bones. If left untreated, growth plate fractures can lead to bones becoming crooked or shorter than their opposite limb. Proper treatment typically results in the fracture healing without complications.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
Symptoms of growth plate fractures may include pain and tenderness, particularly in response to pressure on the growth plate, inability to move the affected area or to put weight or pressure on the limb, and warmth and swelling at the end of a bone, near a joint.
Risk Factors
The risk factors for developing growth plate fractures are:
- Gender: Growth plate fractures occur twice as often in boys as in girls, as girls typically finish growing earlier than boys.
- Age of the child: Younger children have more years of growth ahead of them. If the growth plate is permanently damaged, there is a higher chance of deformity developing. If a child is almost done growing, permanent damage to the growth plate may cause only minimal deformity.
- Severity of the injury: If the growth plate has been shifted, shattered, or crushed, the risk of limb deformity is greater. It is important to note that proper treatment of growth plate fractures is crucial to avoid complications such as crooked, accelerated, or stunted bone growth. If you suspect a growth plate fracture, consult a doctor for evaluation and appropriate treatment.
Development
Growth plate fractures develop when there is an injury to the layer of growing tissue near the ends of a child's bones. This weakest section of the skeleton can be affected by a variety of injuries, such as falls, blows to the limb, or overuse during sports or recreational activities. Growth plate fractures can occur in various locations, with different bones and limbs being more susceptible to injury. For example, growth plates around the knee are more sensitive to injury than those in the wrist or shoulder. Proper treatment of growth plate fractures is crucial, as they can affect the future growth and development of the bone.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if growth plate fractures are suspected. If you notice signs and symptoms such as pain and tenderness, particularly in response to pressure on the growth plate, inability to move the affected area, or warmth and swelling at the end of a bone, it's essential to have your child evaluated by a medical professional. Growth plate fractures require immediate treatment to ensure proper healing and avoid potential complications like crooked, accelerated, or stunted bone growth.
Diagnosis
To diagnose growth plate fractures, doctors often rely on a combination of physical examination and imaging tests. X-rays are typically the first imaging test used, as growth plates are difficult to interpret on X-rays. If the fracture is not visible on the initial X-ray, a cast or splint may be applied, and X-rays are repeated after three to four weeks. If the fracture is more severe, additional imaging tests like MRI, CT scan, or ultrasound may be ordered to visualize soft tissue. The choice of imaging test depends on the severity of the injury and the location of the fracture.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Potential complications of growth plate fractures include:
- Crooked or stunted bone growth: If a growth plate fracture is not properly treated, the bone may not grow straight or may not grow to its full potential length.
- Limb length discrepancy: In some cases, a growth plate fracture can lead to a difference in length between the affected limb and the other one.
- Limb deformity: Severe injury to the growth plate can result in a deformity of the limb. This may require surgery or other treatments to correct.
- Chronic pain: In some cases, growth plate fractures may not heal properly, leading to chronic pain or discomfort in the affected area. It is important to have a growth plate fracture properly evaluated and treated by a medical professional to minimize the risk of complications.
Home Remedies
It is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of growth plate fractures. Immediate medical attention and proper treatment are crucial to ensure proper healing and prevent potential complications, such as crooked, accelerated, or stunted bone growth. Follow your doctor's advice and recommendations for managing the recovery process.
Treatment
Treatment for growth plate fractures typically involves immobilization of the affected limb, followed by a gradual return to activity. Immediate treatment for growth plate fractures is crucial because these types of fractures can impact future bone growth. Treatment options may include:
- Casting: The affected limb will likely be casted to keep it immobile and allow the fracture to heal properly. Casts may be applied for several weeks to ensure proper healing.
- Splinting: Splints can be used for less severe growth plate fractures, allowing the child to maintain some movement in the affected limb while still providing support and protection.
- Medication: Pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be prescribed to help manage pain and discomfort associated with the fracture.
- Physical therapy: After the initial immobilization period, physical therapy may be recommended to help the child regain strength, flexibility, and range of motion in the affected limb.
- Monitoring: Regular follow-up appointments with the doctor will be necessary to monitor the healing process and ensure proper alignment and growth. It is important to note that recovery times and specific treatment approaches may vary depending on the severity of the fracture, the child's age, and the location of the injury. Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for a growth plate fracture, you may want to write down the following information:
- Your child's symptoms.
- How the injury occurred.
- Your child's key medical information, including any other medical problems and the names of all medications and vitamins he or she takes.
- The sports or recreational activities in which your child regularly participates.
- A list of questions you want to ask the doctor. Additionally, it may be helpful to bring a family member or friend along to the appointment to help remember important details and provide support. During the appointment, your doctor may ask questions about your child's symptoms, pain levels, and any previous injuries or medical conditions. Be prepared to share this information and ask any questions you may have.