Overview
A hangover is a group of unpleasant signs and symptoms that can develop after consuming too much alcohol. These symptoms typically include fatigue, weakness, excessive thirst, dry mouth, headaches, muscle aches, confusion, vomiting, seizures, slow or irregular breathing, blue-tinged or pale skin, low body temperature (hypothermia), difficulty remaining conscious, and passing out. Hangovers usually occur the morning after a night of heavy drinking and typically resolve on their own within 24 hours. The severity of a hangover can vary depending on the amount of alcohol consumed and other individual factors. To avoid hangovers, it is recommended to drink alcohol responsibly and in moderation.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of hangovers typically include fatigue and weakness, excessive thirst and dry mouth, headaches and muscle aches, nausea, vomiting or stomach pain, poor or decreased sleep, increased sensitivity to light and sound, dizziness or a sense of the room spinning, shakiness, decreased ability to concentrate, mood disturbances, such as depression, anxiety and irritability, and rapid heartbeat.
Risk Factors
The risk factors for developing hangovers include drinking on an empty stomach, using other drugs such as nicotine alongside alcohol, not sleeping well or long enough after drinking, having a family history of alcoholism, drinking darker colored alcoholic beverages, and consuming more alcohol than your body can handle.
Development
Hangovers develop as a result of drinking too much alcohol, which can cause various physical and cognitive symptoms. The severity and type of hangover can depend on multiple factors, such as the individual's tolerance to alcohol, the amount consumed, the rate of alcohol consumption, and whether the person ate before or while drinking. Additionally, certain factors like dehydration, lack of sleep, and the use of other substances like nicotine can contribute to the likelihood or severity of a hangover. The body's processing of congeners, found in higher amounts in darker liquors, may also play a role in the development of hangovers.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Management and Treatment
Complications
Hangovers can lead to complications related to memory, concentration, and dexterity. Hangover symptoms can cause difficulties in performing daily activities, affecting personal relationships, and work performance. However, it is important to note that frequent, heavy drinking can lead to serious alcohol withdrawal or alcohol-related health issues, which should be discussed with a healthcare professional.
Home Remedies
Some home remedies suggested for hangovers include:
- Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated.
- Eating a balanced meal or snack before and during alcohol consumption.
- Choosing beverages with fewer congeners, such as clear spirits like vodka or gin.
- Taking over-the-counter pain relievers, like aspirin or ibuprofen, after consulting with a doctor to ensure safety and proper dosage.
- Avoiding alcohol altogether or drinking in moderation. Remember, the best way to prevent a hangover is to drink responsibly and in moderation.
Treatment
To treat hangovers, the best approach is to give your body time to recover by getting plenty of rest and staying hydrated. You can also try eating a light snack, such as toast or crackers, to help settle your stomach. Over-the-counter pain relievers like standard dose aspirin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen can help alleviate headaches, but avoid aspirin if you are prone to stomach irritation. It's important to avoid treating your hangover with more alcohol, as it will only make you feel worse.