Overview
Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a disorder that causes inflammation and bleeding of the small blood vessels in the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys. The most noticeable symptom is a purplish rash on the lower legs and buttocks. It can also cause abdominal pain and aching joints. The condition is more common in children under 10 and usually improves on its own. Medical attention is necessary if the kidneys are affected.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of Henoch-Schonlein purpura include:
- Rash (purpura): Reddish-purple spots that look like bruises develop on the buttocks, legs, and feet. The rash can also appear on the arms, face, and trunk and may be worse in areas of pressure, such as the sock line and waistline.
- Swollen, sore joints (arthritis): Pain and swelling around the joints, mainly in the knees and ankles. Joint pain sometimes precedes the classical rash by one or two weeks.
- Digestive tract symptoms: Belly pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloody stools. These symptoms sometimes occur before the rash appears.
- Kidney involvement: Protein or blood in the urine, which may not be noticeable without a urine test. Some people may develop persistent kidney disease. It is essential to see a doctor if Henoch-Schonlein purpura is causing serious problems with the digestive tract or if a child develops the rash associated with this condition.
Risk Factors
The risk factors for developing Henoch-Schonlein purpura include:
- Age: The disease mainly affects children younger than 10.
- Sex: Henoch-Schonlein purpura is slightly more common in males than in females.
- Race: White and Asian children are more likely to develop Henoch-Schonlein purpura than are black children.
Development
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis) develops when the small blood vessels in different parts of the body, such as the skin, joints, intestines, and kidneys, become inflamed and bleed. The exact cause of this inflammation is not known, but it's believed to result from an inappropriate immune system response to certain triggers. Some common triggers include upper respiratory infections, chickenpox, strep throat, measles, certain medications, food, insect bites, and exposure to cold weather. The condition mainly affects children under 10, and symptoms usually improve on their own within a month, with recurrences being fairly common. In rare cases, serious complications like kidney damage or bowel obstruction may occur.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if you or your child has Henoch-Schonlein purpura and it's causing serious problems with the digestive tract or if there are signs of kidney involvement. Additionally, if the rash associated with this condition develops, it's important to consult a doctor as soon as possible, especially for children under 10 years old.
Diagnosis
To diagnose Henoch-Schonlein purpura, your doctor will typically look for the classic signs and symptoms of the condition, which include a rash, joint pain, and digestive tract symptoms. If one of these signs and symptoms is missing, your doctor may suggest one or more of the following tests:
- Blood tests: Your blood may be tested if your diagnosis isn't clear based on your signs and symptoms.
- Urine tests: Your urine may be tested for evidence of blood, protein, or other abnormalities to determine if your kidneys are still working properly.
- Skin biopsy: People who have Henoch-Schonlein purpura often have deposits of a certain protein, IgA (immunoglobulin A), on the affected organ. Your doctor may take a small sample of skin so that it can be tested in a lab.
- Imaging tests: Your doctor may recommend an ultrasound to rule out other causes of abdominal pain and to check for possible complications, such as a bowel obstruction. Henoch-Schonlein purpura usually goes away on its own within a month with no lasting ill effects. Rest, plenty of fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers may help with symptoms. In some cases, medications like corticosteroids may be prescribed to help shorten the time and intensity of joint and abdominal pain.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Complications associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura include kidney damage, bowel obstruction, digestive tract symptoms, and recurrent rash. Kidney damage is the most serious complication and is more likely in adults than in children. Henoch-Schonlein purpura can cause intussusception, a condition where a section of the bowel folds into itself, leading to bowel obstruction. Digestive tract symptoms, such as belly pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloody stools, can occur before the rash appears. Recurrent rash is also a common complication.
Home Remedies
It is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura They will be able to provide appropriate guidance on home remedies and other interventions based on the individual's specific condition and medical history.
Treatment
Treatment for Henoch-Schonlein purpura typically involves managing symptoms, rest, and staying hydrated. Here's what you can do to treat the condition:
- Rest: Ensure that the affected person gets plenty of rest, as this can help alleviate joint pain and promote recovery.
- Fluids: Encourage the consumption of plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, as this can help prevent dehydration, which may worsen symptoms.
- Over-the-counter pain relievers: Provide over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen (paracetamol) or ibuprofen, to help manage any discomfort or pain.
- Corticosteroids: In some cases, doctors may prescribe corticosteroids like prednisone to help shorten the duration and intensity of joint and abdominal pain. However, these drugs can have serious side effects, so it's essential to discuss the risks and benefits with a healthcare professional before using them. Remember that Henoch-Schonlein purpura usually resolves on its own within a month, with no long-lasting effects. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions and advice, and prioritize rest, hydration, and pain management to help the person recover.