Overview
Hurthle cell cancer, also known as Hurthle cell carcinoma or oxyphilic cell carcinoma, is a rare type of cancer that affects the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the base of the neck, which secretes hormones that regulate the body's metabolism. Hurthle cell cancer is one of several types of thyroid cancers and can be more aggressive than others. Symptoms may include a lump in the neck, pain in the neck or throat, hoarseness, shortness of breath, or swallowing difficulty, but not all cases present with symptoms. Treatment typically involves surgery to remove the thyroid gland.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
Symptoms of Hurthle cell cancer may include a lump in the neck, just below the Adam's apple, pain in the neck or throat, hoarseness or other changes in the voice, shortness of breath, and swallowing difficulty. However, Hurthle cell cancer doesn't always cause symptoms and can sometimes be detected during a physical examination or imaging test done for some other reason.
Development
Hurthle cell cancer develops when cells in the thyroid gland acquire changes in their DNA. These changes, or mutations, can cause the cells to grow and multiply at an uncontrollable rate, forming a mass called a tumor. The tumor can invade and destroy healthy tissue in the surrounding area, and over time, cancer cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body. Hurthle cell cancer is considered more aggressive than other types of thyroid cancer, and surgery to remove the thyroid gland is the most common treatment.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Diagnosis
To diagnose Hurthle cell cancer, doctors typically use a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and imaging tests. Physical examination involves checking the size of the thyroid and lymph nodes. Blood tests may reveal changes in thyroid function, while imaging tests such as ultrasound and CT scans can help determine if a growth is present in the thyroid. A biopsy is also performed to collect a sample of suspicious cells for laboratory testing.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Possible complications of Hurthle cell cancer include problems with swallowing and breathing, as the cancer may grow and press on the food tube (esophagus) and windpipe (trachea). The cancer can also spread (metastasize) to other tissues and organs, making treatment and recovery more difficult.
Home Remedies
It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition, including cancer.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for Hurthle cell cancer, you should:
- Make an appointment with a healthcare provider who specializes in treating thyroid disorders (endocrinologist) or cancer (oncologist).
- Write down your symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to cancer.
- Note down your key medical information, such as other health conditions you have.
- Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions and ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restricting your diet.
- Prepare a list of any medications, vitamins, or supplements you are currently taking.
- Consider bringing a family member or friend to the appointment for support and to help remember important information.
- Write down questions to ask your doctor during the appointment.
- Seek emotional support from a counselor, medical social worker, clergy member, or cancer support group.
- Research local support groups and resources, such as the National Cancer Institute and the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society.