Overview
A keloid scar is a thick raised scar that can develop anywhere on the body, usually on the earlobes, shoulders, cheeks, or chest. It occurs when the body produces too much collagen during the healing process, resulting in a lumpy, raised, and irregular scar. Keloids may take months to years to form after an injury and can vary in size, texture, and color. While they are not harmful to physical health, they can cause emotional distress. Early treatment can help minimize the growth of keloids, and preventive self-care tips can help reduce the risk of developing them.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of a keloid scar include a thick, raised scar that can form on various parts of the body such as earlobes, shoulders, cheeks, or the chest. The scar may be shiny, hairless, lumpy, and raised with varied size and texture. It can be reddish, brown, or purplish in color, itchy, and may cause discomfort.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for developing keloid scars include having brown or Black skin, having a personal or family history of keloids, and being under 30 years of age.
Development
Keloid scars form as a result of a dysfunction in the body's wound-healing process. When the body produces too much collagen during the healing process, a thick, raised scar known as a keloid forms. Keloids can occur anywhere on the body, but they are most common on the earlobes, shoulders, cheeks, or chest. They can also vary in size, texture, and color, and may itch or be uncomfortable. Keloid scars are not harmful to physical health, but they can cause emotional distress. Early treatment is key to minimize their growth, and preventive self-care measures can also be taken to reduce the risk of developing keloids.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if a keloid scar is suspected as soon as you notice it, especially if you want to prevent further growth or treat an existing keloid. Early treatment can help minimize the growth of a keloid. Consult a doctor or a dermatologist for advice on how to manage or remove the keloid scar.
Diagnosis
To diagnose a keloid scar, your doctor typically examines the affected skin, and in some cases, a skin biopsy might be necessary to rule out skin cancer. The diagnostic process for keloid scars mainly involves evaluating the appearance and texture of the skin.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Keloid scar complications include the development of hard, tight tissue around joints that can restrict movement. However, it is important to note that these complications are relatively rare.
Prevention
Keloid scars can be prevented to some extent. Taking preventive self-care measures can help reduce the chances of developing keloids. Some of these measures include:
- Practicing good wound care: Clean and moisturize the affected area, and apply a thin layer of petrolatum jelly or ointment. Reapply as needed, and consider using pressure pads or silicone gel pads during the healing process.
- Protecting your skin from injury: Avoid skin injuries, including piercings, tattoos, and surgeries. Even minor injuries can contribute to the development of keloids.
- Applying pressure earrings: After an ear piercing, wearing pressure earrings can help prevent keloids from forming. While these measures can help reduce the risk of keloid formation, it's important to note that they may not completely prevent keloids. If you are prone to developing keloids, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance.
Home Remedies
It is recommended to consult a dermatologist or healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of keloid scars.
Treatment
Keloid scar treatment is possible, although it may not guarantee complete removal or flattening of the scar. Treatment options include:
- Steroid injections: Corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and scarring. Your doctor may inject steroids directly into the keloid to reduce its size and appearance.
- Silicone gel or sheets: Applying silicone gel or sheets on the keloid can help flatten the scar and prevent new scars from forming. This method may be more effective when used over a longer period.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgical removal of the keloid or excision with grafting may be necessary. This option carries the risk of recurrence, and new keloids may form at the site of the surgery.
- Cryotherapy: This involves freezing the keloid with liquid nitrogen to destroy the excess collagen and promote scar tissue breakdown.
- Radiation therapy: In rare cases, low-dose radiation may be used to treat keloids that are resistant to other treatments.
- Laser therapy: Some studies have shown that laser therapy can help reduce the appearance of keloids, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness. It's essential to consult with a dermatologist or a healthcare professional experienced in treating skin conditions to determine the best course of treatment for your specific case. Keep in mind that even with treatment, a keloid can still last for years or recur.