Overview
Keratosis pilaris is a common, harmless skin condition that results in dry, rough patches and tiny bumps on the skin, typically on the upper arms, thighs, cheeks, or buttocks. The bumps are usually painless and don't itch. The condition is caused by the buildup of keratin, a hard protein that protects the skin, blocking the hair follicles' openings. Keratosis pilaris often worsens during seasonal changes that cause low humidity and dry skin. While it can't be cured or prevented, treatment with moisturizers and prescription creams can help improve the appearance of the skin. The condition usually disappears by age 30.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of keratosis pilaris include painless tiny bumps on the upper arms, thighs, cheeks, or buttocks, along with dry, rough skin in the affected areas. The bumps have a sandpaper-like texture and resemble goose flesh. Keratosis pilaris tends to worsen during seasonal changes when the air becomes dry.
Development
Keratosis pilaris develops due to the buildup of keratin, a hard protein that protects the skin from harmful substances and infection. In people with keratosis pilaris, the keratin blocks the opening of hair follicles, causing patches of rough, bumpy skin. The exact reason why keratin builds up in individuals with keratosis pilaris is not clear, but it may be related to genetics or other skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis. Dry skin can exacerbate the symptoms of keratosis pilaris.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of keratosis pilaris is typically done by a healthcare provider by examining the affected skin. No testing is typically necessary for diagnosis. The healthcare provider may ask questions about when symptoms began, any factors that improve or worsen the condition, and any family history of skin issues. If self-care measures and over-the-counter treatments are not effective, a healthcare provider may prescribe medicated creams.
Management and Treatment
Treatment
Treatment for keratosis pilaris usually isn't needed, but you can treat it with moisturizers and prescription creams to help improve how the skin looks. Over-the-counter moisturizers like cetyl alcohol, glycerin, or urea can help hydrate the skin. Prescription creams, such as topical corticosteroids or topical calcineurin inhibitors, may also be recommended by a healthcare provider or dermatologist. It's important to consult a healthcare provider or dermatologist for personalized advice on the best treatment options for your specific case.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for keratosis pilaris, you can do the following:
- List any symptoms you've noticed, including when they began and how they have progressed.
- Mention any other possible causes for the symptoms, such as other skin conditions, allergies, or changes in lifestyle.
- Discuss any treatments you have tried, such as moisturizing, medicated creams, or over-the-counter medications.
- Prepare a list of questions to ask your healthcare provider, such as the best course of action, alternatives to prescribed medication, and any lifestyle changes that may help.
- Gather relevant medical information, including any history of allergies, asthma, or eczema in you or your family members.
- Bring a list of all medications, vitamins, and supplements you or your child are taking, including doses. By providing this information to your healthcare provider, you can ensure a productive conversation and help them understand your specific needs and concerns.