Overview
Leukoplakia is a condition characterized by the development of thick, white patches on the gums, insides of the cheeks, bottom of the mouth, and sometimes the tongue. These patches are non-cancerous in most cases but can sometimes show early signs of cancer. The main cause of leukoplakia is chronic irritation from tobacco use, including smoking, dipping, or chewing. However, it can also result from other factors such as jagged teeth, broken or ill-fitting dentures, or long-term alcohol use. Hairy leukoplakia, a specific type of leukoplakia, mainly affects people with weakened immune systems, particularly those with HIV/AIDS. If you experience white plaques or sores in your mouth that don't heal within two weeks, lumps or patches in your mouth, or persistent changes in your mouth's tissues, consult your dentist or primary care professional.
Understanding the disease
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if leukoplakia is suspected if you have any of the following:
- White plaques or sores in your mouth that don't heal on their own within two weeks
- Lumps or white, red or dark patches in your mouth
- Persistent changes in the tissues of your mouth
- Ear pain when swallowing
- Progressive reduction in the ability to open your jaw It's important to consult a dentist or primary care professional if you notice any unusual, persistent changes in your mouth, as leukoplakia can sometimes be a sign of early cancer development.
Diagnosis
To diagnose leukoplakia, your doctor will typically examine the patches in your mouth, attempt to wipe off the white patches, discuss your medical history and risk factors, and rule out other possible causes. They may also perform oral brush biopsy or excisional biopsy to test for early signs of cancer.
Management and Treatment
Prevention
leukoplakia can be prevented to some extent by avoiding tobacco products and excessive alcohol use. As mentioned in the extracted text, quitting tobacco and alcohol is a better prevention strategy. If you continue to use tobacco or drink alcohol, it's essential to have frequent dental checkups since oral cancers are usually painless until they have advanced significantly. If you have a weakened immune system, you may not be able to prevent hairy leukoplakia, but early identification can help you receive appropriate treatment.
Home Remedies
It is important to consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment of leukoplakia.
Treatment
Most leukoplakia patches are noncancerous and may not require treatment. See a dentist or primary care professional if you have unusual, persistent changes in your mouth. If the leukoplakia shows signs of cancer or precancerous changes, further evaluation and treatment may be necessary. It's important to note that quitting tobacco and alcohol use, as well as regular dental checkups, can help prevent the development and progression of leukoplakia.