Lipoma

Overview

A lipoma is a slow-growing, benign tumor made up of fat cells that's most commonly situated between the skin and underlying muscle layer. It is typically soft and doughy to the touch, movable with slight finger pressure, and generally small, less than 2 inches (5 centimeters) in diameter. Lipomas are not cancerous and are often not painful, but may be removed if they cause discomfort, are growing, or for cosmetic reasons.

Understanding the disease

Symptoms

The symptoms of a lipoma include having a soft and doughy lump that is situated just under the skin, easily movable with slight finger pressure, and generally small, usually less than 2 inches in diameter but can grow. Lipomas are typically not painful or tender, but they can become painful if they grow and press on nearby nerves or contain many blood vessels.

Risk Factors

The risk factors for developing lipoma include:

1. Being between 40 and 60 years old. Although lipomas can occur at any age, they're most common in this age group.
2. Genetics. Lipomas tend to run in families.

Development

Lipomas are benign tumors made up of fatty tissue. They develop when fat cells grow in a cluster and form a lump. The exact cause of lipomas is not entirely understood, but they tend to run in families, suggesting a genetic component. Lipomas are more common in people between the ages of 40 and 60 and may be associated with factors such as sun exposure, tobacco use, or prior radiation exposure. However, the majority of lipomas occur spontaneously and are not linked to any specific environmental or lifestyle factors. Lipomas are generally harmless and do not require treatment unless they cause discomfort, pain, or become infected.

Assessment and Diagnosis

Triage

If you notice a lump or swelling anywhere on your body and suspect it might be a lipoma, you should see a doctor. While lipomas are usually harmless and don't require treatment, there are situations where you might need medical evaluation. Some reasons to consult a doctor include:

1. If the lipoma bothers you or is painful.
2. If the lipoma is growing or changing in size, shape, or appearance.
3. If the lipoma is occurring in an area where it may cause discomfort or problem, such as near a joint or pressing on a nerve.
4. If you have multiple lipomas.
5. If you are unsure about the nature of the lump and want a professional opinion. By consulting with a doctor, you can determine whether the lump is indeed a lipoma or if further investigation is needed.

Diagnosis

To diagnose a lipoma, your doctor may perform a physical exam, take a tissue sample for lab examination (biopsy), or use imaging tests such as X-ray, MRI, or CT scan. If there are concerns about the possibility of liposarcoma, a biopsy or further imaging tests like MRI or CT scan may be recommended.

Management and Treatment

Treatment

A lipoma is typically diagnosed through a physical exam, and in some cases, a tissue sample removal (biopsy) or imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be performed. If a lipoma is suspected to be a liposarcoma, a biopsy or imaging tests will be done to confirm. Treatment for a lipoma is generally not necessary unless it causes discomfort, pain, or is growing. Treatment options include surgical removal or liposuction. If a lipoma is suspected to be a liposarcoma, treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, or a combination of both.

Preparing for medical consultation

To prepare for an appointment for lipoma, you should:

1. Make a list of your symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for the appointment.
2. Write down key personal information, such as any major stresses or recent life changes.
3. Prepare a list of questions to ask your doctor. For lipoma, some basic questions to ask include: What caused this growth? Is it cancer? Do I need tests? Can it be removed? What's involved in removing it? Are there risks? Is it likely to return, or am I likely to get another? Do you have any brochures or other resources I can have? What websites do you recommend?
4. Bring a list of all medicines, vitamins, or supplements you're taking, including the dosages and frequency.
5. Consider bringing a family member or friend along to help remember information and support you during the appointment. Remember to be prepared with any pre-appointment restrictions and to arrive on time for your appointment.