Overview
Mesenteric lymphadenitis, also known as mesenteric adenitis, is a condition in which the lymph nodes in the membrane that connects the bowel to the abdominal wall become inflamed. This painful condition is usually caused by a viral intestinal infection and primarily affects children and teenagers. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, fever, general abdominal tenderness, and mesenteric lymph node enlargement. While it can mimic more serious conditions such as appendicitis or intussusception, mesenteric lymphadenitis is generally not serious and often resolves on its own without specific treatment.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of mesenteric lymphadenitis may include abdominal pain, often located on the lower right side but can be more widespread, general abdominal tenderness, fever, mesenteric lymph node enlargement, abdominal pain with a change in bowel habits, abdominal pain with loss of appetite, and abdominal pain that interferes with sleep.
Development
Mesenteric lymphadenitis is primarily caused by a viral intestinal infection, such as gastroenteritis. This infection leads to inflammation of the lymph nodes in the mesentery, which is the membrane that connects the bowel to the abdominal wall. The most common cause of mesenteric lymphadenitis is a viral infection, although it can also be caused by bacterial infections, inflammatory bowel disease, or less commonly, lymphoma. In some cases, mesenteric lymphadenitis may be mistaken for appendicitis or intussusception due to similar symptoms, but it is generally not a serious condition and usually resolves on its own.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if mesenteric lymphadenitis is suspected if you experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, and mesenteric lymph node enlargement, as these can be indicative of a painful and potentially inflammatory condition. It's important to seek medical attention to rule out more serious conditions like appendicitis or intussusception, as well as to ensure appropriate treatment and management of any underlying infection or inflammation.
Diagnosis
To diagnose mesenteric lymphadenitis, your doctor will typically start by taking your child's medical history and performing a physical examination. They may also request some tests to help confirm the diagnosis. These tests may include blood tests to check for signs of infection and inflammation, as well as imaging studies such as an abdominal ultrasound or CT scan to visualize the affected lymph nodes. In some cases, your doctor may also recommend a lymph node biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and determine the type of infection causing the condition.
Management and Treatment
Treatment
Mesenteric lymphadenitis is typically treated with a combination of rest, hydration, and pain management. Mild cases often resolve on their own within four weeks or more, and treatment may not be necessary. For fever and pain, over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be given to children, avoiding aspirin due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. If there is a moderate to severe bacterial infection, antibiotics may be prescribed. To support your child's recovery, ensure they get enough rest, drink fluids, and apply moist heat to the abdomen for comfort. Always consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and appropriate treatment options.
Preparing for medical consultation
It is important to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance on how to prepare for an appointment regarding mesenteric lymphadenitis. They can provide specific instructions based on your individual case and medical history.