Overview
Pectus excavatum is a medical condition in which the breastbone is sunken into the chest, resulting in a deep indentation. It is sometimes referred to as funnel chest. The severity of pectus excavatum typically worsens during adolescence, and it can compress the heart and lungs, causing symptoms such as exercise intolerance, shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, chest pain, and pressure. Even mild cases of pectus excavatum can lead to self-image problems, with individuals often feeling self-conscious about their appearance. Pectus excavatum is more common in boys than girls, and it may run in families. Surgery is often necessary to correct the deformity.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of pectus excavatum can include:
- Decreased exercise tolerance
- Rapid heartbeat or heart palpitations
- Recurrent respiratory infections
- Wheezing or coughing
- Chest pain
- Heart murmur
- Fatigue
- Dizziness Even in mild cases, pectus excavatum can lead to self-image problems, causing individuals to avoid activities where their chest can be seen or wearing certain types of clothing.
Development
The exact cause of pectus excavatum is unknown, but it may be an inherited condition because it sometimes runs in families. There are several risk factors associated with the development of pectus excavatum, including being male, having certain genetic conditions such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, or Noonan syndrome, and experiencing rapid growth during adolescence.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Pectus excavatum can be diagnosed by examining the chest, usually by a doctor. Tests that may be conducted to check for associated problems with the heart and lungs include a chest X-ray, CT scan, or MRI. These tests help determine the severity of the condition and whether the heart or lungs are being compressed.
Management and Treatment
Treatment
Treatment for pectus excavatum typically involves surgery to correct the deformity. The exact surgical procedure will depend on the severity of the condition and individual factors. In some cases, the surgeon may perform the procedure through a small incision, while in more severe cases, a larger incision may be necessary. The goal of surgery is to bring the breastbone forward, creating more space for the heart and lungs to function properly. While surgery is the primary treatment for pectus excavatum, some people with mild cases may not require surgery and can manage their symptoms with lifestyle modifications, such as exercise, posture correction, and chest physical therapy. In such cases, it is important to address any self-image issues and offer support to help the individual feel more comfortable with their appearance. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional or a specialist experienced in treating pectus excavatum to determine the best course of treatment for each individual.