Overview
Polymorphous light eruption is a rash caused by sensitivity to sunlight. It usually appears as tiny, inflamed bumps or slightly raised patches of skin and is triggered by increased exposure to sunlight during spring and early summer. The rash typically occurs in people who have developed sensitivity to sunlight, especially ultraviolet radiation. It tends to happen after the first one or two times of sun exposure after a long period of no exposure and may occur annually. The condition usually goes away on its own within 10 days, but severe or persistent rashes may require medication.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of polymorphous light eruption include dense clusters of small bumps and blisters, inflamed, raised rough patches, itching or burning. The rash usually appears 30 minutes to several hours after sun exposure and appears on areas of the body that are covered during winter but exposed in summer such as the upper chest, front of the neck, and arms. In some cases, people may also experience fever and chills.
Risk Factors
The risk factors for developing polymorphous light eruption include:
- Being female
- Having skin that sunburns easily
- Living in northern regions
- Having a family history of the condition.
Development
The exact cause of polymorphous light eruption (PLE) isn't known, but it is believed to be related to sensitivity to sunlight, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation. PLE develops when a person's immune system reacts to UV radiation, leading to the characteristic rash. The rash usually appears as tiny, inflamed bumps or slightly raised patches of skin, and it can develop in people who have become sensitive to sunlight. This sensitivity may be due to a variety of factors, including genetic predisposition, previous sun exposure, and environmental factors. In some cases, people may develop sensitivity to UV radiation after experiencing sunburns, particularly in childhood. It's important to note that PLE is not contagious, and it's not caused by an allergy to sunlight. Instead, the condition is thought to be related to the body's immune response to UV radiation. The rash typically appears within 30 minutes to several hours after sun exposure and can be accompanied by itching or burning. In most cases, the rash will resolve on its own within 10 days without scarring, but medication may be necessary for severe or persistent cases.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a health care provider if you have a rash with no obvious cause, such as a known allergy or recent contact with poison ivy. Polymorphous light eruption rashes can resemble other disease-causing rashes, so it is important to get a prompt diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, seek immediate medical care if your rash is widespread, painful, or accompanied by fever.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of polymorphous light eruption is typically made by a health care provider based on a physical exam and the patient's answers to questions. The provider may also perform laboratory tests, such as a skin biopsy or blood tests, to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other conditions. Additionally, a specialist in skin conditions (dermatologist) may perform phototesting, which involves exposing the skin to UVA and UVB light to determine sensitivity to sunlight.
Management and Treatment
Prevention
Polymorphous light eruption is a rash caused by sensitivity to sunlight, particularly ultraviolet radiation. The exact cause of this sensitivity is not well understood. However, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing polymorphous light eruption:
- Limit sun exposure: Try to avoid direct sun exposure, especially during the spring and early summer when the condition is most likely to occur. Seek shade, wear protective clothing, and use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30.
- Wear protective clothing: Wear long-sleeved shirts, pants, and wide-brimmed hats to cover your skin and protect it from the sun's harmful UV rays.
- Gradually increase sun exposure: If you have not been exposed to the sun for a while, gradually increase your exposure to avoid triggering a reaction.
- Be mindful of other sources of UV radiation: UV rays can also be emitted from artificial sources like tanning beds, so avoid using tanning beds or limit your use of them.
- Watch for symptoms: If you notice any symptoms of polymorphous light eruption after sun exposure, such as clusters of small bumps or blisters, seek medical attention. While these steps may not completely prevent the development of polymorphous light eruption, they can help reduce the risk and severity of the rash. Remember, if you already have the sensitivity to sunlight, further exposure may lead to the recurrence of the rash each year.
Treatment
In most cases, the rash goes away on its own within 10 days without specific treatment. However, if the symptoms are severe, your health care provider may prescribe anti-itch medicine, such as a corticosteroid cream or pill. Self-care measures, including applying anti-itch cream, taking antihistamines, using cold compresses, and protecting the affected area from further sun exposure, can also help alleviate symptoms.
Preparing for medical consultation
Preparing for an appointment for polymorphous light eruption involves a few key steps:
- Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions: At the time you make the appointment, ask if there are any specific preparations you should make before the appointment, such as avoiding certain foods or activities.
- Gather your medical history: List any symptoms you're experiencing, including those that may seem unrelated to the reason for your appointment. Also, provide key personal information, such as any major stresses or recent life changes.
- List your medications: Create a list of all medications, vitamins, or supplements you're currently taking, including doses. This information will help your healthcare provider understand your overall health and any potential interactions with treatments for polymorphous light eruption.
- Prepare a list of questions: Compile a list of questions to ask your healthcare provider during the appointment. For polymorphous light eruption, some basic questions to ask include:
- What's the most likely cause of my symptoms?
- Are there other possible causes?
- Do I need any tests?
- How long will my condition last?
- What treatments are available, and which do you recommend for me?
- What side effects can I expect from treatment? By preparing in advance and bringing this information to your appointment, you can ensure that you receive the most accurate and effective care for your polymorphous light eruption.