Overview
Polymyalgia rheumatica is an inflammatory disorder that mainly affects older adults, typically between the ages of 70 and 80. It causes muscle pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulders and hips. Symptoms usually begin quickly and are worse in the morning. Polymyalgia rheumatica is related to another inflammatory condition called giant cell arteritis, which can cause headaches, vision difficulties, jaw pain, and scalp tenderness. The exact cause is unknown, but genetics and an environmental exposure might be involved. The condition primarily affects white people whose ancestors were from Scandinavia or northern Europe.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
Symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica typically include muscle pain and stiffness, primarily affecting the shoulders and hips. Other common symptoms include aches or pain in the neck, upper arms, buttocks, hips, or thighs, as well as stiffness in the affected areas, particularly in the morning or after inactivity. Limited range of motion and pain or stiffness in the wrists, elbows, or knees may also be present. Additional symptoms may include mild fever, fatigue, a general feeling of being unwell (malaise), loss of appetite, unintended weight loss, and depression. It is important to consult a doctor if these symptoms cause disruption in sleep, daily activities, or overall well-being.
Risk Factors
The risk factors for developing polymyalgia rheumatica include age, sex, and race. Polymyalgia rheumatica most commonly affects older adults, usually between ages 70 and 80, and women are about two to three times more likely to develop the disorder. The disease is also more common among white people whose ancestors were from Scandinavia or northern Europe. on the other diseases mentioned.
Development
Polymyalgia rheumatica develops due to a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. The condition is most common among older adults, with a peak incidence between ages 70 and 80. Women are more likely to develop it than men, and it is more prevalent among white people with Scandinavian or northern European ancestry. The exact cause remains unknown, but it is believed to be related to an environmental trigger, such as a virus, which may occur seasonally.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if you have aches, pains, or stiffness that are new, disrupt your sleep, limit your ability to do your usual activities, or cause difficulty getting dressed.
Diagnosis
To diagnose polymyalgia rheumatica, a physical exam is conducted, including joint and neurological exams, and test results are considered. Blood tests are recommended, checking for elevated levels of muscle enzymes and inflammation indicators like erythrocyte sedimentation rate (sed rate) and C-reactive protein. Your doctor might also perform imaging tests, such as ultrasound or MRI, to rule out other conditions causing similar symptoms.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Potential complications of polymyalgia rheumatica can include difficulties with everyday activities, such as getting out of bed, standing up from a chair, or bathing, which can impact an individual's health, social interactions, physical activity, sleep, and overall well-being. Additionally, untreated polymyalgia rheumatica can lead to the development of giant cell arteritis, which can cause more severe issues such as stroke or blindness.
Home Remedies
It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica. They can provide guidance on managing symptoms and any necessary medications.
Treatment
Treatments for polymyalgia rheumatica include medications and lifestyle changes. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids can help alleviate pain and inflammation. In addition, engaging in regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and practicing stress-reduction techniques may also help manage symptoms. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment based on individual needs and medical history.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), consider the following steps:
- Gather information: Learn as much as you can about PMR, its symptoms, and potential treatments. This will help you better understand your condition and be more informed during your appointment.
- Note your symptoms: Make a list of any symptoms you're experiencing, including pain, stiffness, and fatigue. Be specific and detailed, describing the location, severity, and duration of your symptoms.
- Keep a symptom diary: Track your daily symptoms leading up to the appointment. This will help you identify patterns and provide valuable information to your healthcare professional.
- Prepare a list of questions: Write down any questions you have about PMR, its diagnosis, or potential treatments. Some questions to consider include:
- What's the most likely cause of my symptoms?
- How will you diagnose polymyalgia rheumatica?
- What other conditions could my symptoms be indicating?
- What treatment options are available for PMR?
- Are there any lifestyle changes or medications that can alleviate my symptoms?
- Bring a support person: Consider bringing a family member or friend along to your appointment. They can help you remember important information, provide emotional support, and take notes during the appointment.
- Be prepared to discuss your medical history: Be ready to share any relevant medical history, including previous illnesses, surgeries, and medications you're currently taking or have taken in the past.
- Mention any recent life changes: Inform your healthcare professional about any recent stressors or significant life changes that could be impacting your health. By preparing for your appointment and being well-informed, you can help ensure that you receive the best possible care and guidance for managing your polymyalgia rheumatica.