Overview
Roseola is a viral infection that primarily affects young children. It is also known as exanthem subitum or sixth disease. The infection is caused by the human herpesvirus 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7). The initial symptom is usually a high fever that lasts for 3 to 5 days, sometimes accompanied by a rash. The rash appears after the fever subsides and typically consists of small, pink, flat or raised spots on the skin. The rash is usually itchy and lasts for about a week. Roseola is generally self-limiting, meaning it resolves on its own without specific treatment. In some cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed to shorten the duration of the fever and the severity of the symptoms. It's essential to monitor your child's symptoms, stay well-hydrated, and ensure they get plenty of rest. If you suspect your child has roseola or any other health concern, it's always best to consult with a pediatrician or a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of roseola include a high fever (usually higher than 103 F or 39.4 C) that lasts for 3 to 5 days, sometimes accompanied by a sore throat, runny nose, or cough. After the fever subsides, a rash typically appears, which consists of numerous small spots or patches on the chest, back, belly, neck, and arms. The rash may also spread to the legs and face. The rash is usually flat, not itchy or painful, and can last for hours or days. Other potential symptoms include irritability, mild diarrhea, and decreased appetite. If your child experiences a convulsion (febrile seizure), has a high fever, or if the rash doesn't improve after three days and the fever returns, seek medical care immediately.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if roseola is suspected when:
- Your child has a high fever over 103 F (39.4 C)
- The rash doesn't improve after three days and the fever returns
- Your child experiences an unexplained seizure or convulsion
- The swollen eyelids are red, painful, or accompanied by other signs of infection. In these cases, seek immediate medical care for your child. If you're unsure whether your child's symptoms are due to roseola or another condition, consult your child's health care provider for guidance.
Diagnosis
To diagnose roseola, a healthcare provider will likely take into account the symptoms and the appearance of the rash. The initial symptoms of roseola, such as fever and fatigue, are similar to many other childhood illnesses, like measles. However, a roseola rash usually starts on the chest or back, while a measles rash begins on the head. In some cases, a blood test may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. It's important to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.