Overview
Schizoaffective disorder is a mental health disorder characterized by a combination of symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations or delusions, and mood disorder symptoms, such as depression or mania. It includes two types: bipolar type, which involves episodes of mania and sometimes major depression, and depressive type, which includes only major depressive episodes. The condition may have a unique course for each affected person, and if left untreated, can cause problems with daily functioning, leading to loneliness and difficulty maintaining a job or attending school. Treatment, including medications and therapy, can help manage symptoms and improve the quality of life.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of schizoaffective disorder include a combination of psychotic symptoms, such as hallucinations or delusions, and mood disorder symptoms. The two types of schizoaffective disorder are bipolar type, which includes episodes of mania and sometimes major depression, and depressive type, which includes only major depressive episodes. Symptoms may vary from person to person and may include delusions, hallucinations, impaired communication and speech, bizarre or unusual behavior, and symptoms of depression or mania. Untreated schizoaffective disorder can lead to problems with functioning in different aspects of life and may require assistance and support with daily activities. If you think someone you know may have schizoaffective disorder symptoms, encourage them to seek professional help, and in cases of severe concerns, you may need to call 911 or other emergency responders for help.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for developing schizoaffective disorder include having a close blood relative, such as a parent or sibling, with schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder, and experiencing stressful events that may trigger symptoms. Additionally, taking mind-altering drugs can worsen symptoms in individuals with an underlying disorder.
Development
Schizoaffective disorder can develop in two types: bipolar type and depressive type. The bipolar type includes episodes of mania and sometimes major depression, while the depressive type includes only major depressive episodes. The course of schizoaffective disorder may vary for each affected person, and the condition may involve a combination of symptoms from both schizophrenia and mood disorders, such as hallucinations, delusions, depression, or mania. Untreated schizoaffective disorder may lead to problems with functioning in daily life, causing loneliness and difficulty holding down a job or attending school. Treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
If you suspect someone you know may have schizoaffective disorder symptoms, it is advisable to encourage and support them to seek professional help. Offer to help find a qualified doctor or mental health professional. If the person is unable to provide their own food, clothing, or shelter, or if their safety or the safety of others is a concern, you may need to call 911 or other emergency responders for assistance so that they can be evaluated by a mental health professional.
Diagnosis
To diagnose schizoaffective disorder, a doctor or mental health professional will typically follow these steps:
- Physical exam: This is done to rule out other conditions that could be causing symptoms and to check for any related complications.
- Tests and screenings: The doctor may order tests to help rule out other mental health disorders with similar symptoms, and screen for alcohol and drug use. In some cases, imaging studies like an MRI or CT scan might be requested.
- Psychiatric evaluation: The mental health professional will assess the patient's mental status by observing their appearance, demeanor, and asking about their thoughts, moods, delusions, hallucinations, substance use, and potential for suicide. They will also discuss the patient's family and personal history. The diagnosis is made using the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association.
Management and Treatment
Complications
People with schizoaffective disorder are at an increased risk of suicide, suicide attempts or suicidal thoughts, social isolation, family and interpersonal conflicts, unemployment, anxiety disorders, alcohol or other substance use problems, significant health problems, poverty, and homelessness. Untreated schizoaffective disorder may lead to problems functioning in various aspects of life, causing loneliness and trouble holding down a job or attending school. Treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Home Remedies
Schizoaffective disorder is a complex mental health condition that typically requires professional medical intervention and treatment. It is essential to consult with a qualified doctor or mental health professional for proper diagnosis, treatment, and management of symptoms.
Treatment
Treatment for schizoaffective disorder typically involves a combination of medications and psychotherapy. Medications, such as antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants, can help manage symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, depression, and mania. Psychotherapy, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, and supportive therapy, can help individuals with schizoaffective disorder develop coping strategies, improve communication skills, and address emotional and interpersonal issues. It's important to work closely with a qualified healthcare professional to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses the specific needs and symptoms of the individual. Encouragement and support from family members and friends can also be crucial in the recovery process.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for schizoaffective disorder, make a list of any symptoms you or your loved one have noticed, including those that may seem unrelated to the reason for the appointment. Gather information about your family and personal history, any major stresses or recent life changes, and all medications you are currently taking. Consider bringing a family member or friend along to provide additional information and support. It's also important to avoid recreational drugs, tobacco, and alcohol, as these can worsen symptoms or interfere with medications.