Overview
Selective IgA deficiency is an immune system condition where a person lacks or has insufficient immunoglobulin A (IgA), a protein that fights infections. While most people with this condition do not experience recurrent infections, some individuals may develop infections such as pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, allergies, asthma, and diarrhea. Additionally, selective IgA deficiency can be associated with autoimmune diseases, where the immune system attacks particular organs or tissues in the body, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, celiac disease, or inflammatory bowel disease.
Understanding the disease
Risk Factors
Selective IgA deficiency is primarily caused by genetic factors, and it is not considered an autoimmune disease. However, certain genes can increase the risk of developing IgA nephropathy, which is a condition that can be associated with selective IgA deficiency. IgA nephropathy is more common in some families and in certain ethnic groups, such as people of Asian and European descent.
Development
Selective IgA deficiency can develop due to genetic factors or autoimmune conditions. In some cases, it may be inherited within families, especially in people of Asian and European descent. The exact cause of IgA nephropathy is unknown, but certain factors may increase the risk, such as sex, ethnicity, age, and family history. In the case of X-linked agammaglobulinemia, it is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the production of antibodies, leading to recurrent bacterial infections. The condition primarily affects male infants and is usually diagnosed during the first few months of life when maternal antibodies no longer provide protection.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
If selective IgA deficiency is suspected, it is advisable to consult a doctor, particularly an immunologist or a healthcare professional experienced in treating immune system disorders. It is recommended to schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider if you or your child experiences recurrent infections, pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, allergies, asthma, diarrhea, or autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, celiac disease, or inflammatory bowel disease. Additionally, if you notice the distinctive signs of premature aging, growth or development concerns, or any other unusual symptoms, it is important to consult a doctor.
Diagnosis
To diagnose selective IgA deficiency, healthcare providers typically assess a person's medical history, symptoms, and perform specific tests. The following tests may be conducted to diagnose selective IgA deficiency:
- Blood tests: These tests can reveal low levels of IgA antibodies in the bloodstream.
- Urine tests: A lab can examine a sample of your urine under a microscope to check for signs of kidney problems, such as blood or protein in the urine. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.
Management and Treatment
Home Remedies
It is important to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on managing selective IgA deficiency.