Overview
A subconjunctival hemorrhage is a condition where a tiny blood vessel breaks just underneath the clear surface of the eye (conjunctiva). This results in a bright red patch on the white part of the eye, often caused by a sudden increase in pressure in the eye due to sneezing, coughing, or straining. It is usually a harmless and self-resolving condition that does not affect vision or cause discharge or pain, although it may cause a scratchy feeling on the surface of the eye. Recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhages or other bleeding may warrant a visit to a doctor for further evaluation.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of a subconjunctival hemorrhage include a bright red patch on the white (sclera) of the eye, which may look alarming but is typically harmless. It usually causes no change in vision, discharge, or pain, with the only discomfort being a scratchy feeling on the surface of the eye.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for developing a subconjunctival hemorrhage include:
- Roughly rubbing your eye
- Trauma, such as a foreign object injuring your eye
- Certain blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) and aspirin
- Blood-clotting disorders
Development
Subconjunctival hemorrhages occur when a tiny blood vessel breaks just underneath the clear surface of the eye (conjunctiva). They can develop due to various causes, including:
- Vigorous coughing, sneezing, or straining: These actions can create pressure in the eye and cause the blood vessels to rupture.
- Eye injury: Roughly rubbing your eye, being hit by an object, or any other form of trauma can lead to a subconjunctival hemorrhage.
- Blood-thinning medications: Certain medications, such as warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) and aspirin, can increase the risk of developing a subconjunctival hemorrhage by thinning the blood and making it more prone to bruising.
- Blood-clotting disorders: Conditions that affect blood clotting, such as hemophilia, can lead to increased susceptibility to subconjunctival hemorrhages. It is important to note that in many cases, the cause of a subconjunctival hemorrhage may not be known. If you experience recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhages, it is advisable to consult your doctor.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if you suspect a subconjunctival hemorrhage, especially if you have recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhages or other bleeding. In some cases, your doctor may evaluate your eye to ensure there are no other complications or injuries.
Diagnosis
A subconjunctival hemorrhage can typically be diagnosed by a doctor or eye doctor by simply looking at the affected eye. No additional tests are usually needed. If a person has recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhages, the doctor may conduct an eye examination, take their blood pressure, and perform a routine blood test to rule out any underlying bleeding disorders. It's important to provide a list of all medications, vitamins, and supplements being taken, along with their doses, when consulting a doctor.
Management and Treatment
Prevention
If the bleeding on the surface of your eye has a clearly identifiable cause, such as a bleeding disorder or blood-thinning medication, you can consult your doctor to discuss any steps to reduce the risk of a subconjunctival hemorrhage. It is also advised to rub your eyes gently, as rubbing too hard can cause minor trauma to your eyes, which may lead to a subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Home Remedies
Although the given text discusses subconjunctival hemorrhage and its causes, it does not mention any home remedies for the condition. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and advice on managing any health concerns.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for subconjunctival hemorrhage, it's a good idea to be well-prepared. Try to:
- Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions: Ask when you schedule the appointment if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restricting your diet.
- Write down any symptoms you're experiencing: Make a list of any symptoms you're experiencing, including those that may seem unrelated to the reason for the appointment.
- Write down key personal information: Include any major stresses or recent life changes that could be relevant.
- Make a list of all medications, vitamins, or supplements you're taking: This will help your doctor understand your overall health and potential interactions with treatments.
- Consider bringing a family member or friend: Sometimes it can be helpful to have someone accompany you to the appointment to help remember information or provide support.
- Bring previous scans or X-rays and other medical records: Ensure that you have any relevant images, reports, or medical records to share with your doctor during the appointment. Remember to be honest and open with your doctor about your symptoms and medical history. This will help them provide the best possible care and recommendations for your situation.