Temporal Lobe Seizure

Overview

A temporal lobe seizure is a type of focal seizure that originates in the temporal lobes of the brain, which are responsible for processing emotions and playing a role in short-term memory. Symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure may include unusual feelings, such as joy, deja vu, or fear, as well as repetitive movements of the fingers, lips, and hands. People may lose awareness of their surroundings during the seizure and might not respond to verbal communication. In some cases, a temporal lobe seizure may evolve into a generalized tonic-clonic seizure (grand mal seizure), causing shaking and loss of consciousness. If you experience a seizure that lasts more than five minutes, doesn't resolve after the seizure stops, or is followed immediately by a second seizure, it's important to seek medical attention.

Understanding the disease

Symptoms

Temporal lobe seizure symptoms may include:

• An unusual sensation known as an aura, which may be a warning sign, but not everyone experiences it
• Staring
• Lip smacking
• Repeated swallowing or chewing
• Finger movements, such as picking motions
• A period of confusion and trouble speaking after the seizure
• Not being aware of the people and things around you during the seizure
• Extreme sleepiness after the seizure If a temporal lobe seizure lasts longer than five minutes, breathing or consciousness doesn't return after the seizure stops, a second seizure follows immediately, recovery isn't complete after the seizure is over, or recovery is slower than usual after the seizure is over, it is important to call 911 or your local emergency number.

Risk Factors

Risk factors for developing temporal lobe seizures include:

1. Traumatic brain injury.
2. Infections such as encephalitis or meningitis, or a history of such infections.
3. A process that causes scarring in a part of the temporal lobe called the hippocampus, known as gliosis.
4. Blood vessel malformations in the brain.
5. Stroke.
6. Brain tumors.
7. Genetic syndromes. It's important to note that, in many cases, the cause of temporal lobe seizures is not known. If you or someone you know experiences a seizure, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and treatment.

Development

Temporal lobe seizures start in the temporal lobes of the brain, which are responsible for processing emotions and contributing to short-term memory. These seizures can present with a range of symptoms, such as unusual feelings like joy, deja vu, or fear, loss of awareness, lip and hand movements that repeat, and auras that include sudden emotions, sensations, or sensory disturbances. The causes of temporal lobe seizures can be diverse, including traumatic brain injury, infections, scar tissue formation, blood vessel malformations, stroke, brain tumors, and genetic syndromes. In some cases, the cause remains unknown. It's important to consult a healthcare provider if you or someone you know experiences a seizure for the first time, the number or intensity of seizures increases, new seizure symptoms emerge, or if you have any underlying health conditions like fever, pregnancy, or diabetes.

Assessment and Diagnosis

Triage

You should see a doctor if you suspect a temporal lobe seizure or experience any of the symptoms . Some of the signs that warrant medical attention include:

1. The seizure lasts more than five minutes.
2. Breathing or consciousness doesn't return after the seizure stops.
3. A second seizure follows immediately.
4. Recovery isn't complete after the seizure is over.
5. Recovery is slower than usual after the seizure is over.
6. You have a high fever.
7. You're experiencing heat exhaustion.
8. You're pregnant.
9. You have diabetes. In such cases, it is recommended to call 911 or your local emergency number. Your doctor can also provide guidance on when to seek medical attention for suspected temporal lobe seizures or related symptoms.

Diagnosis

To diagnose a temporal lobe seizure, your healthcare provider will typically review your symptoms and medical history. They may also order several tests to determine the cause of the seizure, which can help evaluate the likelihood of future seizures. These tests may include a neurological exam, blood tests, brain scans (such as MRI), a lumbar puncture (spinal tap), and an electroencephalogram (EEG). An EEG can reveal the electrical activity in your brain, which may show a pattern suggesting a temporal lobe seizure. The specific diagnostic process may vary depending on the individual case and the suspected cause of the seizure.

Management and Treatment

Complications

Complications of temporal lobe seizures may include:

1. Injury: During a seizure, a person may injure themselves by falling, hitting their head, or experiencing muscle contractions.
2. Status epilepticus: This is a severe condition where a person experiences a prolonged seizure or multiple seizures without recovery of consciousness in between. It can lead to brain damage and even be life-threatening if not treated promptly.
3. Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP): Although rare, this is a risk for people with epilepsy, especially those with uncontrolled seizures. SUDEP occurs when a seizure prevents breathing or heart function, leading to sudden death.
4. Emotional and psychological impact: The experience of having a seizure and the fear of having another one can cause anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.
5. Reduced quality of life: Frequent seizures and the side effects of medications can limit a person's ability to work, drive, or participate in daily activities, affecting their overall quality of life. It is important to seek medical attention and follow a treatment plan to minimize the risk of complications associated with temporal lobe seizures.

Home Remedies

It is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis, treatment, and management of temporal lobe seizures.

Treatment

Treatments for temporal lobe seizures may include medications and, in some cases, surgery. Medications typically used to treat temporal lobe seizures are called antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and can help control seizure activity. Some people may not respond to medication, and in such cases, epilepsy surgery may be considered as an option. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a balanced diet, getting regular sleep, and avoiding triggers can help manage seizures. Always consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on treatment options.

Preparing for medical consultation

To prepare for an appointment for temporal lobe seizure, consider the following steps:

1. Record information about the seizure: Note the time, location, symptoms you experienced, and how long it lasted. Seek input from anyone who witnessed the seizure.
2. Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions: Ask if there are any special preparations needed for medical tests or exams.
3. Keep a detailed symptoms calendar: Write down the time, symptoms, and duration each time a seizure occurs.
4. Gather key personal information: Note any major stresses, recent life changes, or medical history that may be relevant.
5. Make a list of all medications, vitamins, or supplements you're taking, including dosages.
6. Bring a family member or friend: They can help remember information discussed during the appointment and provide insights about your seizures.
7. Prepare a list of questions: Include questions about the cause of the seizures, recommended tests, treatment options, and steps to prevent future seizures.
8. Take any recent brain scans or relevant medical records to the appointment. Remember to write down key personal information, make a list of medications, and bring a support person along to your appointment. This will help ensure that you get the most out of your consultation.