Overview
Tinea versicolor is a common fungal infection of the skin that affects the pigmentation of the skin, resulting in small discolored patches. These patches may be lighter or darker than the surrounding skin and commonly occur on the trunk and shoulders. It is not painful or contagious, but can cause emotional distress or self-consciousness. Tinea versicolor, also known as pityriasis versicolor, is more likely to occur in teens and young adults and can worsen with sun exposure. Antifungal creams, lotions, or shampoos can help treat the infection, but skin color may remain uneven for several weeks or months after treatment. The infection often recurs, especially in warm and humid weather.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
Tinea versicolor symptoms include patches of skin discoloration on the back, chest, neck, and upper arms that may appear lighter or darker than usual. These patches can also have mild itching, scaling, and sometimes have uneven skin color even after successful treatment. If the fungal infection returns, or if the skin condition worsens or covers large areas of the body, it is recommended to see a doctor.
Development
Tinea versicolor is caused by a fungal infection that interferes with the normal pigmentation of the skin, resulting in small, discolored patches. The fungus responsible for tinea versicolor can be found on healthy skin, but it only starts causing problems when it overgrows. Various factors can trigger this growth, including hot and humid weather, oily skin, hormonal changes, and a weakened immune system. The infection is not painful or contagious, but it can cause emotional distress or self-consciousness. Antifungal creams, lotions, or shampoos can help treat tinea versicolor, but skin color may remain uneven for several weeks or months after treatment. The infection often recurs, especially in warm and humid weather.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a doctor if tinea versicolor is suspected when:
- Your skin doesn't improve with self-care measures, such as using over-the-counter antifungal creams, lotions, or shampoos.
- The fungal infection returns after treatment.
- The patches cover large areas of your body. If you're unsure whether your skin condition is tinea versicolor or another skin problem, it's always a good idea to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis
To diagnose tinea versicolor, a doctor can examine the affected area of skin and sometimes take skin scrapings to view under a microscope if there is any doubt.
Management and Treatment
Prevention
tinea versicolor can be prevented by following certain measures. To prevent recurrence of the fungal infection, you can use preventive treatments like selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, or itraconazole once or twice a month, particularly during warm and humid months. Additionally, you can practice the following prevention techniques:
- Keep your skin clean and dry
- Avoid sharing personal items like towels, clothing, or hairbrushes
- Avoid wearing tight-fitting clothes
- Use antiperspirants or powders to help keep your skin dry
- Wear light, loose clothing to allow air circulation
- Take regular breaks from hot, humid environments
- Use sunscreen to protect your skin from sun damage, which can make tinea versicolor more apparent Remember that tinea versicolor is not contagious, but fungal spores can be present on the skin, clothing, and in the environment. Good hygiene practices and avoiding crowded or humid places can help reduce the risk of infection.
Home Remedies
Home remedies for tinea versicolor may include the following:
- Over-the-counter antifungal creams, lotions, or shampoos: Topical treatments containing ingredients like clotrimazole, miconazole, or terbinafine can help manage symptoms and clear up the infection. Always follow the instructions on the product label.
- Tea tree oil: Tea tree oil has antifungal properties and may help reduce inflammation and itching. Dilute the oil with a carrier oil, such as coconut oil, and apply it to the affected area using a cotton swab.
- Apple cider vinegar: Apple cider vinegar has a slightly acidic pH that may help reduce the fungus's growth. Mix equal parts of apple cider vinegar and water, and apply the solution to the affected area using a cotton ball. Be sure to rinse it off after a few minutes.
- Coconut oil: Coconut oil has antifungal properties and can help soothe the skin. Apply a small amount of coconut oil to the affected area and leave it on for 10-15 minutes before washing it off with warm water and soap.
- Turmeric: Turmeric has antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. Create a paste by mixing turmeric with water or a carrier oil, and apply it to the affected area. Allow it to dry for 15-20 minutes before rinsing it off.
- Aloe vera: Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory properties and may help soothe the skin. Apply aloe vera gel to the affected area to help reduce itching and inflammation. Remember that home remedies may not always be as effective as prescription medications and may not cure the infection. If your symptoms persist, worsen, or you experience discomfort, it's essential to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment. Note: These home remedies should not be used on infants, children, or pregnant or breastfeeding women without consulting a healthcare professional first.
Treatment
Treatments for tinea versicolor include antifungal creams, lotions, or shampoos. These medications can help alleviate symptoms and promote the return of normal skin color. Some prescription options that a doctor can prescribe include:
- Selenium sulfide (Selsun) 2.5 percent lotion or shampoo
- Ketoconazole (Ketoconazole, Nizoral, others) cream, gel, or shampoo
- Itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox) tablets, capsules, or oral solution It is important to follow the instructions provided by your doctor or the product's label. Even after successful treatment, skin color may remain uneven for several weeks or months, and tinea versicolor can recur, especially in warm, humid weather. Regular use of preventive treatments, such as those mentioned above, can help reduce the likelihood of future outbreaks.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for tinea versicolor, you should:
- List your symptoms: Write down any symptoms you've noticed, including the appearance of the affected skin, any itching or discomfort, and when they started.
- Gather medical history: Provide your healthcare provider with information about your overall health, including any other skin conditions, allergies, or chronic illnesses you have.
- List medications and supplements: Make a list of all medications, vitamins, and supplements you are currently taking, including their doses.
- Prepare questions: Compile a list of questions to ask your healthcare provider about your condition, such as the most likely cause, appropriate treatment options, and potential side effects.
- Bring a family member or friend: Consider bringing someone with you to your appointment to help you remember the information discussed and provide additional support.
- Follow pre-appointment instructions: If there are any specific instructions or restrictions provided at the time you make the appointment, make sure to follow them before the appointment. Remember to be open and honest with your healthcare provider about your symptoms and medical history. This information will help them provide the best possible care and treatment for your tinea versicolor.