Overview
Trigger finger is a condition where a finger becomes stuck in a bent position due to a problem with the tendon that controls the finger. The tendon that controls the finger cannot glide smoothly in the sheath that surrounds it. This may occur if part of the tendon sheath becomes swollen or if a small lump forms on the tendon. The condition is most common in women over the age of 50, and people with diabetes, low thyroid function, or rheumatoid arthritis may be at higher risk. Symptoms include finger stiffness, a popping or clicking sensation, tenderness or a bump in the palm at the base of the affected finger, and the finger catching or locking in a bent position, which suddenly pops straight. Treatment options may include splinting, steroid injections, or surgery.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
The symptoms of trigger finger include finger stiffness, particularly in the morning, a popping or clicking sensation as the finger moves, tenderness or a bump in the palm at the base of the affected finger, and the finger catching or locking in a bent position, which suddenly pops straight. The condition is caused by the irritation and swelling of the tendon sheath, which makes it harder for the tendon to glide smoothly. Risk factors for developing trigger finger include repeated gripping, certain health problems such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis, and being female.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for developing trigger finger include repeated gripping, such as from occupations and hobbies involving repetitive hand use and prolonged gripping. Certain health problems, such as diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis, can also increase the risk. The condition is more common in women over the age of 50.
Development
Trigger finger develops when the tendon sheath surrounding the affected finger becomes irritated and swollen, making it harder for the tendon to glide smoothly through the sheath. This irritation and swelling can occur for unknown reasons in most people, or it can be associated with risk factors such as repetitive hand use, certain health conditions like diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis, and being female. A nodule can form on the tendon as a result of the constant back-and-forth irritation, further complicating the smooth movement of the tendon. Trigger finger can affect any finger, including the thumb, and may worsen in the morning. Treatment options may include splinting, steroid injections, or surgery.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Diagnosis
To diagnose trigger finger, a healthcare provider may perform a physical examination, which includes checking for areas of pain, smoothness of motion, and evidence of locking during the exam. The provider may also ask the patient to open and close their hand to observe any abnormalities. Diagnostic tests, such as X-rays or ultrasounds, may not be necessary for diagnosing trigger finger but may be used to rule out other conditions.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Complications of trigger finger can include difficulty with daily activities like typing, gripping objects, or grasping tools. The condition can also affect the ability to perform certain tasks, such as steering a vehicle or using hand tools. In severe cases, trigger finger may lead to finger locking or catching in a bent position.
Treatment
Treatment for trigger finger depends on its severity and duration. Conservative noninvasive treatments may include rest, wearing a splint, and stretching exercises. Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (like ibuprofen or naproxen sodium) can also be considered. If symptoms are severe or conservative treatments haven't helped, your health care provider might suggest steroid injections, needle procedures, or surgery. It's important to consult a health care provider for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations.
Preparing for medical consultation
In preparation for an appointment for trigger finger, it is recommended to:
- Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions and ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restricting your activities or wearing loose-fitting clothes for the appointment.
- Write down any symptoms you're experiencing, including when they started and if they have worsened over time.
- Make a list of all medications, vitamins, or supplements you are currently taking.
- Bring a family member or friend along to help remember important information discussed during the appointment.
- Prepare a list of questions to ask your healthcare professional, such as:
- What's the most likely cause of my trigger finger?
- Are there other possible causes?
- What tests do I need to confirm the diagnosis?
- What treatments are available for trigger finger, and which do you recommend?
- What are the potential side effects of the recommended treatment?
- Are there alternatives to the suggested treatment approach?
- How can I best manage my trigger finger with other health conditions I may have?
- Do I need to limit or modify any activities because of my trigger finger? By being well-prepared and asking relevant questions, you can ensure that you receive the most appropriate care for your trigger finger condition.