Overview
Ureteral cancer, also known as cancer of the ureters, is an abnormal growth of cells on the inside lining of the tubes (ureters) that connect the kidneys to the bladder. These ureters are part of the urinary tract and carry urine produced by the kidneys to the bladder. Ureteral cancer is a rare type of cancer, typically occurring in older adults and people who have previously been treated for bladder cancer. It is closely associated with bladder cancer, as the cells lining the ureters are similar to those lining the bladder. Symptoms of ureteral cancer may include blood in urine, back pain, and pain when urinating. Treatment usually involves surgery, with chemotherapy or immunotherapy as alternative options in certain cases.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
Symptoms of ureteral cancer include blood in urine, back pain, pain when urinating, losing weight without trying, and fatigue. If you have any persistent signs and symptoms that worry you, make an appointment with your doctor.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for developing ureteral cancer include increasing age, previous bladder or kidney cancer, and smoking tobacco. Ureteral cancer is more likely to occur in individuals over the age of 70, and those who have had bladder or kidney cancer are at an increased risk. Smoking is also a significant risk factor, as it increases the risk of ureteral cancer, as well as other urinary tract cancers. Additionally, family history of cancer, particularly Lynch syndrome, can also increase the risk of ureteral cancer.
Development
Ureteral cancer develops as an abnormal growth of cells on the inside lining of the tubes (ureters) that connect the kidneys to the bladder. Ureteral cancer is closely related to bladder cancer, as the cells that line the ureters are the same type of cells that line the inside of the bladder. The cancer begins with mutations in the DNA of the cells, which causes them to multiply rapidly and continue living beyond their normal life cycle, resulting in a growing mass of abnormal cells that can block the ureter or spread to other areas of the body. Risk factors for ureteral cancer include increasing age, as most people diagnosed with this cancer are in their 70s and 80s, and a history of bladder cancer.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
If you notice symptoms like blood in urine, back pain, or pain when urinating, it would be appropriate to see a doctor if you are concerned about these symptoms. If you suspect ureteral cancer based on these symptoms or any others, it is recommended to make an appointment with your doctor to get it checked.
Diagnosis
To diagnose ureteral cancer, your doctor will typically perform a physical examination, ask you questions about your symptoms, and possibly use imaging tests, urine tests, and a procedure called ureteroscopy. Imaging tests may include intravenous pyelogram, CT urography, or magnetic resonance urogram. Urine tests may include a urinalysis and a urine cytology test. In some cases, a biopsy may be done to remove a small sample of tissue for laboratory testing. If diagnosed, you may be referred to a urologist or an oncologist for further treatment.
Management and Treatment
Home Remedies
It is important to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of ureteral cancer.
Treatment
Treatment for ureteral cancer typically involves surgery. In certain situations, chemotherapy or immunotherapy may be recommended.
Preparing for medical consultation
To prepare for an appointment for ureteral cancer, follow these steps:
- Make an appointment with your primary care doctor or a specialist, such as a urologist or an oncologist, if you have signs or symptoms that worry you.
- Inform the doctor about any symptoms you're experiencing, including those that may seem unrelated to ureteral cancer. Note down the details of when you first noticed these symptoms and how they have changed over time.
- Prepare a list of all medications, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, supplements, and herbal remedies that you're taking.
- Mention any other health problems you have, including any major stresses or recent life changes.
- Consider bringing a family member or friend along to the appointment. They can help remember important details and ask questions on your behalf if needed.
- Ask your doctor if there are any specific preparations you need to make before the appointment, such as restricting your diet or fasting for certain tests. By being well-prepared and providing your doctor with valuable information, you can ensure a more productive appointment and facilitate an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.