Overview
Wisdom teeth are the third molars located at the back of the mouth. They typically emerge between the ages of 17 and 25. Wisdom teeth can become impacted if there isn't enough space in the jaw for them to erupt or develop normally. This can lead to various complications, including pain, damage to adjacent teeth, cyst formation, tooth decay, and gum disease. Impacted wisdom teeth may need to be removed to prevent or treat associated dental problems.
Understanding the disease
Symptoms
Symptoms of impacted wisdom teeth may include red or swollen gums, tender or bleeding gums, jaw pain, swelling around the jaw, bad breath, an unpleasant taste in the mouth, and difficulty opening the mouth. These symptoms occur when an impacted wisdom tooth becomes infected, damages other teeth, or causes other dental problems. If you experience symptoms in the area behind your last molar that may be associated with an impacted wisdom tooth, it is advisable to see a dentist.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for developing impacted wisdom teeth include poor oral care habits, smoking or chewing tobacco, older age, dry mouth, poor nutrition (including vitamin C deficiency), dental restorations that don't fit properly or crooked teeth that are difficult to clean, conditions that decrease immunity, certain drugs, hormonal changes, genetics, medical conditions, and poor dental habits and care.
Development
Wisdom teeth (third molars) can develop in different ways. They may emerge without any problems and line up with the other teeth behind the second molars, or they may become impacted due to lack of space in the mouth. Impacted wisdom teeth can partially emerge or remain fully impacted within the jawbone. They may grow at different angles, such as toward the second molar, toward the back of the mouth, at a right angle, or straight up or down like other teeth but trapped within the jawbone. Impacted wisdom teeth can cause dental problems, such as damage to other teeth, gum disease, and infections.
Assessment and Diagnosis
Triage
You should see a dentist if you experience symptoms in the area behind your last molar that may be associated with an impacted wisdom tooth. Some of these symptoms include red or swollen gums, tender or bleeding gums, jaw pain, swelling around the jaw, bad breath, an unpleasant taste in your mouth, and difficulty opening your mouth. If impacted wisdom teeth are causing pain or other dental complications, they are usually removed.
Diagnosis
To diagnose impacted wisdom teeth, a dentist or oral surgeon will evaluate your teeth and mouth, which typically includes:
- Reviewing your dental and medical history and conditions that may contribute to symptoms.
- Examining your teeth, gums, mouth, and tongue for signs of plaque and inflammation.
- Measuring the pocket depth of the groove between your gums and teeth using a dental probe.
- Taking dental X-rays to reveal the presence of impacted teeth or signs of damage to teeth or bone. For managing asymptomatic wisdom teeth, dental professionals may recommend different strategies. Some suggest removing them to prevent potential problems, while others advocate for a more conservative approach. The decision will depend on individual circumstances and the professional judgment of your dentist or oral surgeon.
Management and Treatment
Complications
Potential complications of wisdom teeth include damage to other teeth, gum disease, cyst formation, and the development of tumors, which may require the removal of tissue and bone. Impacted wisdom teeth can cause pain, difficulty opening the mouth, and other dental problems. They can also lead to an increased risk of tooth decay and gum disease due to their location and difficulty in cleaning.
Home Remedies
Home remedies for wisdom teeth may include:
- Cold and warm packs: Applying cold packs on the outside of your face on the first day after wisdom tooth removal can help decrease pain and swelling. After the first day, warm packs may also be helpful.
- Soft foods: Eat soft foods, such as yogurt or applesauce, for the first day after surgery. Be careful with hot and cold liquids or biting your cheek until the numbness wears off.
- Gently rinsing the mouth: After surgery, gently rinse your mouth with warm salt water several times a day for a week. Mix 1/2 teaspoon of table salt in 8 ounces of water.
- Avoiding tobacco: Refrain from smoking or using tobacco for at least 48 hours after surgery and as long as possible thereafter, as it can slow healing and increase the risk of complications. Remember to follow your dentist or oral surgeon's instructions for proper aftercare and at-home treatment. They will provide specific guidance tailored to your situation.
Treatment
If impacted wisdom teeth are causing pain or dental complications, the most common treatment is to remove them. Removal is usually recommended to prevent future problems, even if the teeth are not currently causing symptoms. The specific treatment plan will depend on the individual's situation and the dentist's or oral surgeon's advice.
Preparing for medical consultation
How to prepare for an appointment for wisdom teeth? To prepare for an appointment for wisdom teeth, make a list of your symptoms, including any that may seem unrelated to your mouth discomfort. Gather information about your medical and dental history, including any medications, vitamins, or supplements you're taking. Bring any relevant medical or dental records to the appointment. Prepare questions to ask your dentist, such as the likely causes of your pain, potential treatments, and any alternatives to the recommended approach. Additionally, practice relaxation techniques or discuss anxiety management options with your dentist if needed. Remember to attend the appointment promptly and bring a supportive family member or friend if possible.